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France
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Who was kept inside?
The Monarchy
• Louis XVI (16) is
married to Marie
Antoinette from Austria
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Louis XVI was
indecisive and had little
patience for governing.
Marie Antoinette was
unpopular.
“Madame Deficit”
French Economy in trouble
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France is in debt because of the American
Revolution and money spent by the
monarchy.
People were paying heavy taxes that made it
hard to do business and make money for the
merchants, factory owners and bankers.
Estates General
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Louis tried taxing the nobility to get money,
but they forced him to call an Estates General
meeting.
It was the first in 175 years to be held.
Estates-General
• 1st= Church 10%
of the land
• 2nd = nobles 2%
pop. Owned 20%
of the land
• 3rd= bourgeoisie,
urban lower class
peasants 98% of
pop. Owned less
than 4% of the
land
The National Assembly
3rd estate eager for change
Meet together and each delegate get a vote-3rd
estate has the most votes
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The National Assembly
June 17, 1789 Vote passes—end of absolute
monarchy
The Bastille
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July 14th, a mob
storms into the
Bastille
Symbolic act for the
Revolution
Terror in France
August 10th-20,000 people invade the
palace where the royal family was.
royal guards killed
royal family imprisoned
 Great Fear-panic throughout France
Riots over prices of bread
 Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette returned
to Paris from Versailles

Reforms
National Assembly
 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of
the Citizen
men are born and remain free and
equal in rights (liberty, property,
security, and resistance to oppression)
 Equal justice, freedom of speech, and
freedom of religion
National Assembly
Constitutional Monarchy
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1791 Louis XVI agreed to National Assembly’s new
constitution—limited constitutional monarchy
Legislative Assembly
power to create laws and to approve
reject declarations of war(king has
power to enforce laws)
Monarchy Abolished
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Constitution of 1791declared the king
deposed—abolished the
monarchy and France
becomes a republic
New government=the
National Convention
Sept. 21
Jacobins take control.
Louis XVI tried for
treason. He is
found guilty and
was sentenced to
death (January
21, 1793)
Marie Antoinette
killed as well
 Guillotine

War
France continues to
fight outside forces
such as Austria and
Prussia along with
Great Britain,
Holland, and Spain
 Coalition Army
1793-300,000
1794-800,000

Making the Connection
Why was Louis XVI killed?
Do world leaders run the risk of being
replaced in a revolution?
How has the United States avoided violent
revolution?
Can you give a definition of social contract?
Reign of Terror
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Maximilien RobespierreJacobin leader
Republic of Virtue
wiping out the trace of
France’s past
calendar
12 months of 30 days
renamed months
no Sundays- religion was
dangerous
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July 1793- Robespierre became
leader of the Committee of
Public Safety
Meant to protect France from its
enemies
Most of the enemies were
usually fellow radials who
challenged him.
Thousands of people sent to
their death (about 4,000)
about 85% were peasants or
urban class
July 1794Robespierre arrested
and executed-July 28
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Shift in public
opinion—too much
terror
Skyrocketing prices
for bread, salt still
exist
New Government
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1795—3rd new government put into
place
Power in the hands of upper middle
class and had two-house legislation
(Bicameral)
Executive body
 Five men (The Directory)
Napoleon Bonaparte
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Born in Corsica 1769
9 years old when he went to
military school
1785-a lieutenant in old
government’s military
Post Revolution he joined the
new Government
Military hero as head of the
French army
Coup d’état
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Coup d’état: “blow to the
state” and a sudden
seizure of power
Directory dissolved
Napoleon becomes
dictator
The good things about
the Age of Napoleon
1799-1815
Established peace
 Developed a plebiscite: vote on new
Constitution
 Restored order
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Restoring Order
1.
2.
3.
4.
Economic: national bank
Social: promotion for merit not
family & nobility allowed to return
Religion: RCC official religion but
everyone worship as they pleased
Legal: Napoleonic Code
Napoleonic Code:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Equality under the law
Censored newspapers
Woman could not hold property
Restored slavery in the Caribbean
None of the codes applied to
Napoleon
Making the Connection
What would you give up in exchange
for order?
Napoleon Heads Off to Conquer the World
“napoleon complex”
Time Line
 1799: came to power as
dictator
 1803: Louisiana Purchase
 1804: self proclaimed
Emperor of France
 1805: Battle of Trafalgar
 1808: Most of Europe
under his control
 1815-1821: attempts to
take over Russia and thus
Asia
 1821: dies
The French Empire
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Louisiana Purchase
In 1803,
Napoleon sold
the Louisiana
Purchase to the
United States for
$15 million.
Louisiana Purchase
The Battle of Trafalgar, 1805
Napoleon wants a
European empire
Napoleon’s only
major loss
 Admiral Horatio
Nelson—British
 Napoleon decided
not to invade
Great Britain
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The Continental System
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In 1806, a blockade
was set up to
prevent trade from
Great Britain to
Europe.
Britain responded
with its own
blockade.

Caused War of 1812
against the United
States
Spain
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King of Spain=
Napoleon’s brother
Joseph
Spanish used Guerilla
tactics.
Peninsular War
Nationalism had
people fighting
against Napoleon.
Russia
Napoleon invaded
Russia in June
1812.
 Czar (tzar, tsar)
Alexander I
refused to stop
selling grain to
Britain
 Scorched earth
policy
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Napoleon's Rule Comes to an End
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Napoleon faces a coalition army outside Leipzig
and is defeated.
Coalition: Great Britain, Prussia (Germany),
Russia, Austria, Sweden
1814 exiled to the island of Elba
100 days
06-18-1815 Waterloo
Exiled to St. Helena
Died 1821 @ age 52
Congress of Vienna
Congress of Vienna
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November 1814 to
June 1815.
Heads of European
governments came
together for security
and stability for
Europe
Klemens von
Metternich of Austria
Balance of power