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SOL’S!
SOL WHI.2
 Scientists currently believe humans first
appeared in:
A. Australia.
B. North America.
C. Asia.
D. Africa.
And the Answer IS…
D. Africa
Beginning of Time
Earliest human findings date back 40,000
years.
Scientists believe humans first appeared
over 2 million years ago.
The first humans were wandering hunters
and gatherers.
They made simple tools and weapons
from bones, wood, and stone.
 A hunter-gatherer society would most
likely develop in an area:
A. where animals are plentiful.
B. near an ocean.
C. in an area with many raw materials.
D. close to a mountain.
And the Answer IS…
A. where animals are
plentiful
 Early hunter-gatherer human societies
are generally typified by:
A. Large numbers of people.
B. Small nomadic clans of humans.
C. Moderate numbers of people living in
permanent villages.
D. Miniscule cities and large agricultural
developments.
And the Answer IS…
B. Small nomadic
clans of humans
What is
this
picture
showing?
The Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age)
People wandered from place to place,
hunting and gathering their food.
They traveled in small groups (20-40)
During this time, people developed
language in order to communicate during
hunts.
They also learned how to make fire.
It is believed that they were spiritual,
archaeologists have found graves that
show that they took care of the dead.
 Humans were first able to:
A. Farm.
B. Create art.
C. Domesticate animals.
D. Make tools.
And the Answer IS…
D. make tools.
A Person living in Prehistoric
Times was a
N.O.M.A.D.
http://www.monmouth.army.mil/cec
om/pae/caiv/images/train.gif
Nomad = a wandering hunter and
gatherer .
 Nomad - a member of a people or tribe that has
no permanent home but moves about from place
to place, usually seasonally and following a
traditional route according to the state of the
pasturage or food supply. (http://www.dictionary.com)
Oral language developed
Initially used for practical communication,
like hunting.
Made Fire
Fire used to provide
warmth and for
cooking.
Art in Caves
Developed the first tools, including
simple weapons.
http://v2.archaeological-center.com/welcome/images/hilton-weapons.jpg
 The Neolithic Era began when humans:
A. began to control and lessen their
population.
B. first developed organized countries.
C. first lived in permanent agricultural
societies.
D. learned to write down and communicate
their thoughts to other peoples in the
world.
And the Answer IS…
C. first lived in
permanent
agricultural
societies.
 What effect did the invention of the plow,
pottery and weaving have on early
societies?
A. They moved about to find food.
B. They warred with their neighbors.
C. They developed permanent
settlements.
D. They developed early democracies.
And the Answer IS…
C. They developed
permanent
settlements.
Neolithic People were different
from Paleolithic People because
they would:
S.E.T.T.L.E.
Settled into permanent locations
http://www.historiasiglo20.org/prehistory/index.htm
Even animals are domesticated
Horses, dogs, goats, sheep, and oxen
were the first animals to be domesticated.
http://www.pbs.org
The creation of pottery
Why would people in the
Neolithic Era develop
pottery?
How could the creation of
pottery be valuable for
historians?
http://www.artefakes.com/assets/images/fivepots.jpg
Tools become more advanced
What factors may
lead Neolithic
people to develop
more advanced
tools?
OLDOWAN TOOLS (Ethiopia)(left to right): end chopper,
heavy-duty scraper, spheroid hammer stone (Olduvai
Gorge); flake chopper (Gadeb); bone point, horn core tool
or digger (Swartkrans).
http://www.handprint.com/LS/ANC/stones.html
Learned to cultivate the land
(agriculture)
 This is critical because
now the nomads could
have food wherever they
wanted!
 The first foods were
wheat and cereals in the
Middle East, rice in Asia,
and corn in the
Americas.
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/GeogHist/hi
stories/Oldcivilization/Egyptology/LifeAncient/bo
unty12.jpg
End of Paleolithic Era = Neolithic
Revolution
Neolithic
Revolution is also
known as the first
Agricultural
Revolution.
http://www.pureimagination.co.uk/captaincaveman/images/caveyshout.jpg
 Who studies the remains of a
civilization?
A. archaeologists
B. historians
C. cartographers
D. philosophers
And the Answer IS…
A. archaeologists
 Artifacts are:
A. any remains left behind by man.
B. Bones of humans or animals.
C. military equipment.
D. objects made by human hands.
And the Answer IS…
D. objects made by
human hands
 What can an archaeologist conclude
about artifacts found in the same strata?
A. The remains are from different times.
B. The remains are from the same time.
C. Different people made the artifacts.
D. The artifacts were from a people with
no technology.
And the Answer IS…
B. The remains are
from the same time.
 A famous structure was built around 45000 years ago in England. What is this
stone structure called?
A. the Great Pyramid
B. the Great Wall
C. the Parthenon
D. Stonehenge
And the Answer IS…
D. Stonehenge
sol whi.3
 The earliest known permanent
agricultural community was established
in:
A. Mesopotamia near the Tigris and
Euphrates Rivers.
B. Egypt near the Nile River.
C. North America near the Mississippi
River.
D. Europe near the Rhine River.
And the Answer IS…
A. Mesopotamia near
the Tigris and
Euphrates Rivers
 Which of the early civilizations are
inappropriately matched with its famous
river(s)?
A. Mesopotamia – Tigris & Euphrates
B. China – Huang He
C. Egypt – Nile
D. India - Tiber
And the Answer IS…
D. India – Tiber
(correct river – Indus)
 Mesopotamian civilization grew up in the
area between the Tigris and Euphrates.
What area is the land between these two
rivers a part of?
A. Fertile Crescent
B. Great Plains
C. Gobi Desert
D. Himalayan Mountains
And the Answer IS…
A. Fertile Crescent
Mesopotamia
Located between
Tigris +
Euphrates
AKA- Fertile
Crescent – rich
soils from rivers +
Sea make this
land great for
farming.
Picture From:
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/graphics/campaigns/iraq/cresma
p.gif
Sumer
Sumer – earliest known civilization formed
in southern Mesopotamia around 3500 BC
Depended on rivers + rich soil.
Sumerians lived in small, separate cities
that developed into city-states.
Sumer, Ur, and Uruk among 1st city states.
 Mesopotamia was invaded several times
in its history. What geographical feature
made this possible?
A. high mountains
B. large deserts
C. open plains
D. deep rivers
And the Answer IS…
C. open plains
 The great civilizations of India and China
were virtually isolated from one another.
What feature kept them apart?
A. Himalayan Mountains
B. Alp Mountains
C. Sahara Desert
D. Indian Ocean
And the Answer IS…
A. Himalayan
Mountains
 The ancient Hebrew civilization settled in
what region?
A. the Red Sea basin
B. the lower Tigris and Euphrates plain
C. the Jordan River Valley
D. the eastern shore of the Aegean Sea
And the Answer IS…
C. Jordan River
Valley
Hebrew Religion = Judaism
Hebrews = Jews
Canaan
Ur
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertile_Crescent
 Founder = Abraham
 Abraham lived in the
Mesopotamian city of Ur
and was a shepherd.
 According to the Torah,
God told Abraham to
move his people to
Canaan (“The Promised
Land”)
 Torah = book containing
the records and beliefs of
Hebrews. (first five books
of the Bible/Old
Testament)
 The Phoenicians adapted to their
location around the Mediterranean Sea.
How did this group do so?
A. They irrigated their farmland.
B. They traded on the seas.
C. They lived in ice houses.
D. They developed strong land armies.
Day 2
And the Answer IS…
B. They traded
on the seas.
Phoenician Empire
 About 1100 B.C., after
the decline of the
Minoans, the
Phoenicians become
the most powerful
seafaring traders.
 What was the most famous contribution
of the ancient Phoenician society?
A. the use of the first written code of law
B. the use of an alphabet
C. the use of domesticated animals
D. the use of gunpowder
And the Answer IS…
B. the use of an
alphabet
Ancient People Used
Their M.I.N.D.S. to
develop Economically
Metal tools and weapons
(bronze, iron) are
developed
http://www.eternalegypt.org/images/elem
ents/200040-4-CO-5212-2_310x310.jpg
http://www.virtual-egyptianmuseum.org/Collection/FullVisit/Collection.FullVisitJFR.html?../Content/MET.MM.00894.html&0
Increasing trade along rivers and
by sea because of improved
technologies (Phoenicians)
http://home.cfl.rr.com/crossland/AncientCivilizations/Middle_Ea
st_Civilizations/Phoenicians/byblos_-Phoenician_ship.jpg
http://www.btinternet.com/~k.trethewey/AncientLights/Imag
es/PhoenicianShip1A.jpg
New tools, plows, and
irrigation leads to an
agricultural surplus
Surplus = extra
A surplus of grain
means they grew
more grain than
they needed.
http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/egypt/art/pictures/fieldwork.jpg
Development of world’s
first cities
The
ruins
of
Uruk
Depiction of Lagash in Sumer
http://home.earthlink.net/~valis2/images/lagash.jpg
http://oi.uchicago.edu/OI/IS/SANDERS/PHOT
OS/MESO/URUK/uruk53.jpg
Specialization of labor
People given more specific or specialized
roles in the society.
Society is more efficient because people
do their jobs well.
 The civilization of Kush was located on
the upper part of what river?
A. Ganges
B. Nile
C. Jordan
D. Huang He
And the Answer IS…
B. Nile

A society in which the powers of
government and religion are placed in
the same hands is known as a:
A. Theocracy
B. Democracy
C. Oligarchy
D. Monarchy
And the Answer IS…
A. Theocracy
 Indus civilization placed restrictions on
marriage and employment which were
based on social class. What were Indus
social classes called?
A. feudalism
B. castes
C. hierarchy
D. patriarchy
And the Answer IS…
B. castes
The Caste System
 Hereditary social groups
 The system:
Brahmins – priests
Kshatriyas –
nobles/warriors
Vaisyas – middle class
Sudras – slaves, peasants
Untouchables - final group
below the caste system.
http://www.beyondbooks.com/wcu91/imag
es/00042985.jpg
 Shang China established a series of
rulers from the same family. What is
each family rule called?
A. Dynasty
B. Monarchy
C. Dictatorship
D. Empire
And the Answer IS…
A. Dynasty
The Civilizations in
China had an
I.M.P.A.C.T. on other
Civilizations
Invasions from the north
leads to Great Wall (Qin
Dynasty)
Mandate of Heaven =
Chinese rulers are divine
Paper, porcelain, silk, & a
civil service system are left
behind
A lot of families or
dynasties ruled/
Classical China is centered
on the Huang He River
Three important belief
systems: Confucianism,
Taoism, Buddhism
 The Assyrians conquered many peoples
and ruled over them. What kind of
government is this?
A. Constitutional Monarchy
B. Democracy
C. Empire
D. Republic
And the Answer IS…
C. Empire
 What Babylonian established a harsh,
but fair, set of laws and punishments to
keep the peace?
A. Hammurabi
B. Solon
C. Gilgamesh
D. Justinian
And the Answer IS…
A. Hammurabi
 Early economies were based on:
A. agriculture.
B. use of coins as money.
C. barter system.
D. central banks
And the Answer IS…
A. agriculture
 The development of trade was aided by
what?
A. constant warfare
B. cold climates
C. the building of temples
D. agricultural surplus
And the Answer IS…
D. agricultural surplus
 The Hebrews’ major contribution to world
thinking was:
A. monotheism: belief in one god.
B. polytheism: belief in many gods.
C. radical changes in farming
technology.
D. the law should treat everyone
equally.
And the Answer IS…
A. monotheism:
belief in one god.
 The first five books of the Old Testament
are referred to by the Jews as the:
A. Bible
B. Codes of Hammurabi
C. Torah
D. Scripture
And the Answer IS…
C. Torah
 How did Judaism spread beyond the Hebrew
kingdoms?
A. Judaism became the state religion of
Rome.
B. The Persian Empire resettled the Hebrews
in the far east.
C. Rome exiled the Jews from the area after a
series of revolts.
D. Judaism was adopted by Greek traders in
the Mediterranean Sea.
And the Answer IS…
C. Rome exiled the
Jews from the area
after a series of revolts.
25. What is the written script of the
Mesopotamian people called?
A. Hieroglyphics
B. Cuneiform
C. Calligraphy
D. Sanskrit
And the Answer IS…
B. Cuneiform
SOL WHI.4
What was the dominant religion in the
Persian Empire?
A. Christianity
B. Buddhism
C. Zoroastrianism
D. Islam
And the Answer IS…
C. Zoroastrianism
Three Empires that will give
you a reason to live.
The Assyrians, Chaldeans, and
Persians
Where the heck is Assyria?
 Upper part of Tigris River Valley
 Present Day Syria
 Spread all the way into Egypt!
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Map_of_Assyria.png/800px-Map_of_Assyria.png
The Assyrian Army
 Feared warriors, very organized army
 1st to use separate units of infantry and
cavalry
 All adult men served in army
Assyrians, Cont…
 Assyrian Army conquered many
people.
 Forced them to pay heavy taxes.
 Built up capital city of Nineveh with
taxes.
King Ashurbanipal
 Ashurbanipal ruled around 650 B.C.
 Divided empire into provinces with
governors that controlled each.
 Built network of roads to improve
communication.
Very well-educated, collected a library of
over 20,000 tablets
of poetry,
mathematics, epics, etc.
Goodbye Assyrians, Here Come the
Chaldeans!
 Assyrians
conquered by
Chaldeans 612BC
 Chaldean =
Babylonian
 Chaldean King
Nebechadnezzar
leads invasion of
Israel.
 Destroys
Jerusalem and
Solomon’s Temple
http://www.hope.edu/academic/religion/bandstra/RTOT/CH13/CH13_F7.JPG
Check this out homies!
- Nebuchadrezzar built “Hanging Gardens”
palace for wife.
- One of 7 wonders of ancient world.
Bring In the Persians!
 Chaldeans conquered by Persians in 539
BC
 Persians develop largest empire in world.
 Known for being nice to conquered people.
http://edsitement.neh.gov/lesson_images/EvalGraphics/PersianEmpire03.jpg
Cyrus the Great!
 Ruled 559 BC – 530 BC
 Expanded empire
 Freed Hebrews from Assyrians
in Jerusalem
 Also set up satrapies (provinces)
governed by a satrap.
 Typically appointed locals to run
satrapies.
 Later, created road system to
travel between satrapies.
 Developed a system of coinage
Zoroastrianism
 Began by worshipping many gods
 Religious leader Zoroaster changed this
with belief of 2 major gods – good and evil
spirit.
 Also used concept of judgment day.
http://www.zoroastrianism.cc/ima
ges/farohar1_small.jpg
The caste system was introduced by what
group of invaders?
A. Muslims
B. Persians
C. Romans
D. Aryans
And the Answer IS…
D. Aryans
The Indo-Aryans
 Migrated through
Khyber Pass
 Very structured
society
 Measured wealth by
cows
 Used caste system
I NEED
MORE
COWBELL!!!
http://www.nice-one.com/wallpaper.jpg
Which was NOT a contribution of the
Gupta empire?
A. mathematics
B. sailing techniques
C. textiles
D. literature
And the Answer IS…
B. sailing techniques
The Gupta Empire – India’s Golden Age
 Rules around 320 AD.
 Pushed for Hinduism, basically kicked out
most of Buddhism in India.
 Gupta contributions:
Mathematics - Arabic numerals, concept of
zero, decimal system, & symbol for infinity.
Literature
New Textiles
 Invaded by Huns 600AD
What major religion teaches both
reincarnation and the conformity to a caste
system?
A. Hinduism
B. Christianity
C. Taoism
D. Buddhism
And the Answer IS…
A. Hinduism
Which of these are sacred writings of
Hinduism?
A. the Vedas and Upanishads
B. the Koran
C. the Apocrypha
D. the Torah and Talmud
And the Answer IS…
A. the Vedas and
Upanishads
http://www.norwichinterfaith.co.uk/hind
u1.gif
Hinduism
 Upanishads and Vedas main books for
Hinduism.
 Believed in Karma – reincarnation is based
on behavior.
 Also Dharma – set of religious and moral
duties for each caste.
 Hinduism is most common religion in India
today.
What major religion was founded in India
spread to China, and taught a life of
happiness through getting rid of material
possessions?
A. Hinduism
B. Christianity
C. Taoism
D. Buddhism
And the Answer IS…
D. Buddhism
The trade route from China to the
Mediterranean was called the:
A. Apian Way
B. Silk Road
C. Royal Road
D. Gold-Salt Trade Routes
And the Answer IS…
B. Silk Road
What Chinese school of thought teaches
reverence to elders and the law as the
best way to maintain a peaceful society?
A. Taoism
B. Confucianism
C. Buddhism
D. Legalism
And the Answer IS…
B. Confucianism
Which of these was not a contribution of
ancient China?
A. silk
B. porcelain
C. representative democracy
D. civil service system
And the Answer IS…
C. representative
democracy
SOL WHI.5
How did the geography of Greece affect its
development?
A. The cold weather prevented any agriculture
from succeeding.
B. The many mountains and seas caused many
rival city-states to develop.
C. The few natural barriers allowed one strong
clan to unite the entire country.
D. The intense heat generally forced most
outdoor activities inside.
And the Answer IS…
B. The many mountains
and seas caused
many rival citystates to develop.
Which of these is NOT a god from Greek
mythology?
A. Amen-Re
B. Zeus
C. Artemis
D. Aphrodite
And the Answer IS…
A. Amon-Re
Which of the following is true about the
democracy of ancient Athens?
A. Every person was able to vote in
government.
B. Only the extremely wealthy were able to
participate in government.
C. All citizens were able to vote or hold political
office.
D. Citizens were not allowed to freely speak
their opinion about the government.
And the Answer IS…
C. All citizens were
able to vote or hold
a political office.
Which city-state was characterized by
strong military discipline, more freedoms
for women, and severe treatment of
slaves?
A. Athens
B. Corinth
C. Sparta
D. Troy
And the Answer IS…
C. Sparta
Which is the best description of the Delian
League?
A. a trade alliance that linked the Greek citystates with Northern Africa
B. an athletic league designed to promote the
Greek athletic stars
C. a military alliance between Athens and other
Greek city-states
D. a secret agreement amongst the Spartans
and their allies
And the Answer IS…
C. a military alliance
between Athens
and other Greek
city-states
What was the form of government in
Athens during its Golden Age under
Pericles?
A. socialism
B. democracy
C. oligarchy
D. aristocracy
And the Answer IS…
B. democracy
What philosopher taught that the way to
seek truth is through a series of questions
and answers?
A. Socrates
B. Plato
C. Aristotle
D. Confucius
And the Answer IS…
A. Socrates
What group eventually conquered the
Greek city-states?
A. Egypt
B. Macedonia
C. Persia
D. Mesopotamia
And the Answer IS…
B. Macedonia
What is the Helenistic Age known for?
A. diffusion of Greek ideas eastward
B. supremacy of Athens in the
Mediterranean
C. Egypt conquers Nubia
D. Rome establishes an empire
And the Answer IS…
A. diffusion of Greek
ideas eastward
SOL WHI.6
 The geographic location of Rome led to its dominance of the
Mediterranean. Which of the following statements is NOT
true?
A. Rome is located on a river near an
abundance of good farmland.
B. Rome is in the middle of Italy with easy
access to the Mediterranean Sea.
C. Rome is part of the Italian Peninsula, which is
protected from the rest of Europe by the Alps
Mountains.
D. Rome is located on a high altitude plateau
amongst several mountains protecting them against
foreign invaders.
And the Answer IS…
D. Rome is located on a
high altitude plateau
amongst several
mountains protecting
them from foreign
invasion
There were two major social classes in
ancient Rome. The ____ were wealthy
and well born and the ____ were the
poorer members of society.
A. Patricians, Plebeians
B. Patricians and slaves
C. Nobles, Peasants
D. Plebeians and Patricians
And the Answer IS…
A. Patricians,
Plebeians
The Romans, in their early history, had an
elected Senate. What form of government
is this?
A. Direct democracy
B. Dictatorship
C. Republic
D. Patriarchy
And the Answer IS…
C. Republic
Early Roman Law was codified and
displayed in the Forum. What was this
first set of laws called?
A. Code of Hammurabi
B. Justinian’s Code
C. Laws of Solon
D. Twelve Tables
And the Answer IS…
D. Twelve Tables
Who did Rome go to war with over control
of the Mediterranean?
A. Greece
B. Persia
C. Carthage
D. Phoenicia
And the Answer IS…
C. Carthage
What was the series of wars called that
ultimately gave Rome control over the
Mediterranean?
A. Peloponnesian Wars
B. Punic Wars
C. Roman Civil Wars
D. Persian Wars
And the Answer IS…
B. Punic Wars
What group spread Roman culture more
than any other did?
A. Roman legions
B. Roman senate
C. Roman explorers
D. Greek scholars
And the Answer IS…
A. Roman legions
Which of these did not contribute to a
weakening economy in the Roman
Republic.
A. the spread of agricultural slavery
B. increased unemployment among small
farmers
C. devaluation of Roman currency
D. increase in domestic goods interrupted
foreign trade
And the Answer IS…
D. increase in domestic
goods interrupted
foreign trade
The Gracchus brothers supported one
group in order to gain political power.
What was that group?
A. the patricians
B. the plebeians
C. the slaves
D. the women
And the Answer IS…
B. the plebeians
Who murdered Julius Caesar after fearing
he would gain too much power at their
expense?
A. the poor
B. the Legions
C. member of the Senate
D. an angry mob
And the Answer IS…
C. members of the
Senate
What event signaled the end of the
Roman civil war?
A. Julius Caesar conquered Gaul.
B. Octavian defeated Marc Anthony.
C. The Senate disbanded the Roman
legions loyal to Julius Caesar.
D. Persia defeated Roman forces in the
Middle East.
And the Answer IS…
B. Octavian defeated
Marc Anthony
Who was the first emperor of Rome?
A. Julius Caesar
B. Justinian
C. Constantine
D. Octavian
And the Answer IS…
D. Octavian
The period known in Roman history as Pax
Romana is best known for:
A. the governmental change from Empire
to Republic.
B. peace, prosperity, and flourishing
trade.
C. religious change in the Empire from
Roman gods to Christianity.
D. civil war, massive unemployment and
Caesar’s assassination.
And the Answer IS…
B. peace, prosperity,
and flourishing trade.
Which of these was not true of the Pax
Romana?
A. It introduced a unified monetary system.
B. The Roman civil service was created during
that time.
C. The system of electing emperors by political
region was introduced.
D. The safety of travel and trade on Roman
roads was guaranteed.
And the Answer IS…
C. The system of
electing emperors by
political region was
introduced.
The Roman emperor Constantine issued the
Edict of Milan which:
A. legalized Christianity in the Roman Empire.
B. allowed for absolute freedom for Jews in the
Roman Empire.
C. prohibited public displays of religion
throughout the Empire.
D. promised rewards to anyone turning in a
practicing Christian to Roman authorities.
And the Answer IS…
A. which legalized
Christianity in the
Roman Empire.
The Romans built a large common area
where citizens could mingle. What was
this area called:
A. Forum
B. Colonnade
C. Great Walkway
D. Agora
And the Answer IS…
A. Forum
Which of these did NOT contribute to the
decline of the Roman Empire?
A. the cost of maintaining huge armies
B. conflicts over imperial succession
C. the adoption of a strict moral legal
code
D. the invasion of barbarian tribes
And the Answer IS…
C. the adoption of a
strict moral legal
code.
What two things did the Emperors spend
too much tax money on?
A. food and clothing
B. games and armies
C. animals and roads
D. canals and aqueducts
And the Answer IS…
B. games and armies
The Emperor _____ moved the Roman
capital to Byzantium.
A. Justinian
B. Augustus
C. Alexius
D. Constantine
And the Answer IS…
D. Constantine
SOL WHI.7
Why was the capital moved from Rome to
Byzantium?
A. Constantine wanted to be closer to the Holy
Land.
B. It was easier to defend and was not corrupt
like Rome.
C. Merchants and traders wanted the capital to
be located on a major trade route.
D. Future emperors were interested in exploring
Africa.
And the Answer IS…
B. It was easier to defend
and not corrupt like
Rome.
What geographic advantage did Constantinople
have?
A. It was impossible to attack from the water
because it was not located on water.
B. It had an abundant supply of farmland and
food in its immediate vicinity.
C. It was located at a crossroads of Europe and
Asia and was strategically located for
extensive trade
D. Its high altitude prevented most attackers
from reaching the walls of the city.
And the Answer IS…
C. It was located at a
crossroads of Europe
and Asia and was
strategically located
for extensive trade.
Which language was spoken by the
Byzantine culture?
A. Greek
B. Latin
C. Arabic
D. Byzantine
And the Answer IS…
A. Greek
What is the most famous example of
Byzantine architecture in Constantinople?
A. the Hagia Sofia
B. the Circus Maximus
C. the Colosseum
D. the Sistine Chapel
And the Answer IS…
A. the Hagia Sofia
 Byzantine culture worked to:
A. adapt barbarian ideas and religions for
use within the empire
B. preserve Greek and Roman knowledge
and tradition.
C. create new ideas and traditions not
based in the past.
D. remove Greek influences from all
aspects of life.
And the Answer IS…
B. preserve Greek and
Roman knowledge
and traditions.
 What Christian area continued to use
Latin in worship services in the later
Roman Empire?
A. Constantinople
B. Rome
C. Athens
D. Alexandria
And the Answer IS…
B. Rome
 What is the title of the head of the
Catholic Church?
A. Emperor
B. Patriarch
C. Rabbi
D. Pope
And the Answer IS…
D. Pope
What was the specific type of Christianity
practiced by the eastern half of the of the
Roman Empire?
A. Protestantism
B. Presbyterianism
C. Greek Orthodoxy
D. Roman Catholicism
And the Answer IS…
C. Greek Orthodoxy
The 9th century controversy that separated the
Roman Catholic and Greek Orthodox churches
was related to:
A. the Pope crowning Charlemagne Holy
Roman Emperor.
B. the nature of sin.
C. Pope Urban II’s refusal to send aid to
help Emperor Alexius fight the Turks.
D. the value of excommunication.
And the Answer IS…
A. the Pope crowning
Charlemagne Holy
Roman Emperor.
What brought Byzantine influence into
Russia and eastern Europe?
A. trade routes
B. Catholic missionaries
C. conquest
D. cultural ambassadors
And the Answer IS…
A. trade routes
The Byzantine monks developed an
alphabet that was used in Russia and
eastern Europe. What was it called?
A. cuneiform
B. Sanskrit
C. Cyrillic
D. Roman
And the Answer IS…
C. Cyrillic
SOL WHI.8
Who was the founder of Islam?
A. Muhammad
B. Moses
C. Martin Luther
D. Abraham
And the Answer IS…
A. Muhammad
The Islamic and Christian faiths share a
belief in:
A. the divinity of Jesus.
B. polytheistic gods.
C. Muhammad as the most recent
prophet.
D. a monotheistic god.
And the Answer IS…
D. a monotheistic god.
What are the basic tenets of the Islamic
faith?
A. the Four Noble Truths
B. the Five Pillars
C. the Ten Commandments
D. the One Absolute Law
And the Answer IS…
B. the Five Pillars
What are the two holy cities of Islam?
A. Mecca and Medina
B. Rome and Jerusalem
C. Damascus and Mecca
D. Constantinople and Medina
And the Answer IS…
A. Mecca and Medina
Whereas Christians believe in the Bible
and Jesus, Muslims believe in the ____
and _____.
A. Torah, Moses
B. Mandate, Confucius
C. Koran, Muhammad
D. Old Testament, Abraham
And the Answer IS…
C. Koran, Muhammad
 What is true of Islam?
A. It accepts Muhammad as the only
prophet of God.
B. It accepts the divinity of Jesus Christ
and Muhammad as being equal.
C. It accepts Moses and Jesus and earlier
prophets.
D. It only accepts the New Testament of
the Bible.
And the Answer IS…
C. It accepts Moses and
Jesus as earlier
prophets.
How did Islam spread across Africa, Asia,
and into Spain?
A. through letters written by Paul
B. by travelers
C. by warfare
D. by the 12 disciples
And the Answer IS…
C. by warfare
(holy jihad)
 Which of these aided the spread of
Islam?
A. assistance from Christian missionaries
B. desert climates and mountains
C. weak Byzantine and Persian empires
D. great deserts
And the Answer IS…
C. weak Byzantine and
Persian Empires
 What was the unifying force in the
Muslim world?
A. geographic isolation
B. Arab language and culture
C. political unity
D. race-based slavery
And the Answer IS…
B. Arab language
and culture
The famous battle of Tours in 732 A.D.
halted the Muslim advance into Christian
Europe. In which modern country did this
battle occur?
A. England
B. Spain
C. France
D. Greece
And the Answer IS…
C. France
What was not an area of Muslim
contributions?
A. Arabic numerals from India
B. medicine
C. sculpture
D. maps of the world
And the Answer IS…
C. sculpture
 Which of the following accomplishments
is credited to the Muslims?
A. initial exploration to North America
B. mathematical concepts including Al
Jabr or Algebra
C. colonization of east Asia and Japan
D. first-time engineering feats including
road building and aqueducts
And the Answer IS…
B. mathematical
concepts including
Al Jabr or Algebra
SOL WHI.9
A period of lawlessness and disunity
followed the fall of the Roman Empire.
what served as the only unifying force in
Europe?
A. Emperor of Rome
B. Roman Legions
C. Christian Church
D. localized kings
And the Answer IS…
C. Christian Church
Who was crowned first Holy Roman
Emperor by the Pope in 800 A.D.?
A. Leo V
B. Charles Martel
C. Charlemagne
D. Pepin
And the Answer IS…
C. Charlemagne
What is the most accurate description of the basic
relationships under feudalism?
A. Monarchs granted land to serfs, who farmed
it and protected the lords who administered
the food supply.
B. Lords granted land to serfs, who farmed it
and protected the monarch, who supplied
food to the lords.
C. Monarchs granted land to local lords, who
administered it and protected serfs, who
farmed it.
D. Serfs protected the monarch, who granted them
land in return for feeding the lords.
And the Answer IS…
C. Monarchs granted
land to local lords,
who administered it
and protected serfs,
who farmed it.
Who held the lowest social position on an
estate in Medieval Europe?
A. a lord
B. a vassal
C. a serf
D. a freeman
And the Answer IS…
C. a serf
Who held the highest social position on an
estate in Medieval Europe?
A. a lord
B. a vassal
C. a serf
D. a freeman
And the Answer IS…
A. a lord
 Which of the following is the best description of
workers on a medieval estate?
A. a highly industrial and unified workforce
B. a large group of equals working to better the
nation’s production
C. a small band of highly skilled craftsmen
working as slaves for a king
D. a large group of peasants working on
farming fields and spending their lives at the
estate
And the Answer IS…
D. a large group of
peasants working on
farming fields and
spending their lives
at the estate
What group founded a large empire in
Western Europe in the 8th century?
A. the Goths
B. the Vandals
C. the Franks
D. the Romans
And the Answer IS…
C. the Franks
What occurred as a result of the
coronation of the first Holy Roman
Emperor?
A. A great division within the Roman
Empire
B. a split with the Byzantine Empire
C. an eventual war with the Vikings
D. greater political influence for the
Church
And the Answer IS…
B. a split with the
Byzantine Empire
What barbarian group(s) spread from
Europe to England?
A. Magyars
B. Huns and Goths
C. Vikings and Franks
D. Angles and Saxons
And the Answer IS…
D. Angles and Saxons
The Magyars migrated from central Asia
to:
A. Italy
B. Spain
C. Hungary
D. England
And the Answer IS…
C. Hungary
Vikings migrated as far east as:
A. Germany
B. Russia
C. Mongolia
D. Italy
And the Answer IS…
B. Russia
The wave of invasions weakened towns
by:
A. bringing plagues
B. disrupting trade
C. ruining crops
D. poisoning wells
And the Answer IS…
B. disrupting trade
SOL WHI.10
 What trade route stretched from Europe
to China?
A. Saharan Caravan Routes
B. Silk Road
C. Royal Road
D. Appian Way
And the Answer IS…
B. Silk Road
Which of these trade routes did not involve
the use of rivers or seas?
A. trans-Saharan
B. Middle East – India
C. northern Europe – Black Sea
D. western Europe
And the Answer IS…
A. trans-Saharan
Many Europeans wanted to travel to the
east to trade with India and China. What
goods did the Europeans desire from the
east?
A. gold and silver
B. beans and corn
C. silk and spices
D. coffee beans and tobacco
And the Answer IS…
C. silk and spices
What religion spread from India to the rest
of East Asia?
A. Shinto
B. Taoism
C. Buddhism
D. Hinduism
And the Answer IS…
C. Buddhism
Which of these regions was not influenced
by Islam?
A. West Africa
B. Central Asia
C. Southwest Asia
D. China
And the Answer IS…
D. China
Japan’s closeness to what area led to
major cultural influences?
A. India
B. Russia
C. China
D. Korea
And the Answer IS…
C. China
What Japanese religion practices ancestor
worship and animism?
A. Hinduism
B. Buddhism
C. Shinto
D. Taoism
And the Answer IS…
C. Shinto
 What was true of religious practice in Japan?
A. Shinto actively discouraged worship of the
emperor.
B. Chinese Buddhism was welcomed alongside
native religion.
C. Buddhism was rejected as an unwanted
foreign influence.
D. Islam was rapidly adopted in the 9th century,
sweeping aside earlier religions.
And the Answer IS…
B. Chinese Buddhism
was welcomed
alongside native
religion.
Located in the Ethiopian Highlands
between the Nile River and the Red Sea,
what Christian kingdom depended on the
mining of gold for its wealth?
A. Egypt
B. Kush
C. Ghana
D. Axum
And the Answer IS…
D. Axum
Where was the kingdom of Zimbabwe
located?
A. near the west African coast
B. in southeastern Africa
C. immediately south of Egypt
D. on the island of Madigascar
And the Answer IS…
B. in southeastern Africa
What trade made the West African
kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
rich and powerful?
A. spice trade
B. gold – salt trade
C. slave trade
D. Columbian Exchange
And the Answer IS…
B. gold – salt trade
What West African city was known as a
center of trade and learning?
A. Alexandria
B. Timbuktu
C. Cairo
D. Carthage
And the Answer IS…
B. Timbuktu
What was true of Islam in Africa?
A. It was introduced by Arab invaders in
the 10th century.
B. It spread along trade routes from the
Middle East.
C. It was hostile to existing animism in
Africa.
D. It was adopted for a brief period, but
people quickly returned to their old
ways.
And the Answer IS…
B. It spread along trade
routes from the
Middle East
SOL WHI.11
This civilization, located on the Yucatan
peninsula, developed a system of
mathematics and a calendar. They made
human sacrifices to please the gods. Who
were they?
A. Olmecs
B. Incas
C. Mayas
D. Aztecs
And the Answer IS…
C. Mayas
This civilization of central Mexico had a
city called Tenochtitlan. They made
sacrifices to the war god. Who were they?
A. Olmecs
B. Incas
C. Mayas
D. Aztecs
And the Answer IS…
D. Aztecs
This civilization was based in the Andes
and is known for the great city of Manchu
Picchu. They farmed and developed an
elaborate system of roads. Who were
they?
A. Olmecs
B. Incas
C. Mayas
D. Aztecs
And the Answer IS…
B. Incas
What was true of each major civilization in
the Western Hemisphere?
A. Each built huge pyramids as temples.
B. Each believed in polytheism.
C. Each was located in tropical climates.
D. Each engaged in trade with West
Africa.
And the Answer IS…
B. Each believed in
polytheism.
What was the basis of the economy of
each civilization in South America?
A. trade
B. agriculture
C. mining
D. war
And the Answer IS…
B. agriculture
What was not an achievement of the
South American civilizations?
A. calendar
B. mathematics
C. writing
D. paper
And the Answer IS…
D. paper
SOL WHI.12
William the Conqueror secured his rule
over England after what event?
A. the Second Irish Revolt
B. King Henry named William his
successor
C. defeating King Harold at the Battle of
Hastings
D. the Pope crowned him King of England
And the Answer IS…
C.defeating King
Harold at the Battle of
Hastings
The creation of the Magna Carta in
England was prompted by what?
A. the death of King Richard in the
Crusades
B. abuses of royal power by King John
C. a crisis in papal succession
D. peasant revolts following the First
Crusade
And the Answer IS…
B.abuses of royal
power by King John
 Why did England and France fight in the
Hundred Years War?
A. English kings wanted to enforce their
claims on the French lands they had
inherited.
B. The Pope refused to settle the dispute.
C. English kings refused to enforce
Catholicism in their French lands.
D. It took a hundred years to claim the Holy
Land.
And the Answer IS…
A. English kings wanted
to enforce their
claims on the French
lands they had
inherited.
Which famous French hero helped instill
nationalism during the Hundred Years
War?
A. Napoleon
B. Joan of Arc
C. Lafayette
D. King Louis VII
And the Answer IS…
B. Joan of Arc
Ferdinand and Isabella united Spain by
defeating who?
A. Muslim Moors
B. English Lords
C. Roman Legions
D. French Nobles
And the Answer IS…
A. Muslim Moors
Spain became the most powerful nation in
Europe under Phillip II as a result of:
A. its large empire in the Americas.
B. its new position as the Defender of the
Catholic church.
C. its many wars with France and
England
D. its conquests in the Final Crusade.
And the Answer IS…
 its large empire in the
Americas.
Who consolidated what became the
modern Russian state?
A. Alexander I
B. Peter I, the Great
C. Genghis Khan
D. Ivan III, the Great
And the Answer IS…
D. Ivan III, the Great
What Pope gave a speech encouraging
the First Crusade?
A. John VI
B. John Paul I
C. Urban II
D. Leo IV
And the Answer IS…
C. Urban II
 Which of these did not happen during the
Crusades?
A. Crusaders captured Jerusalem and set up
Crusader States in the area.
B. Crusaders seized Mecca and held it for two
years.
C. Jerusalem was retaken by Muslims and the
Crusader States were defeated.
D. Crusaders sacked Constantinople and
weakening the Byzantine Empire.
And the Answer IS…
B. Crusaders seized
Mecca and held it
for two years.
Which was a result of the Crusades?
A. increased desire for eastern goods
B. strengthened the power of the Pope
C. increased cooperation between
Muslims and Christians
D. weakened European monarchs
And the Answer IS…
 increased desire for
eastern goods
What was the extent of the Mongolian
Empire of the thirteenth century?
A. southeast Asia into India
B. modern Russia through the Middle
East into China
C. China, Korea, and Japan
D. modern Russia into eastern and
central Europe
And the Answer IS…
B. modern Russia
through the Middle
East into China
In which modern country was the heart of
the Ottoman Empire?
A. Greece
B. Egypt
C. Turkey
D. India
And the Answer IS…
C. Turkey
Which invention allowed the Ottoman
Turks to capture Constantinople in 1453
and undermined the effectiveness of
medieval castles for defense?
A. cannons
B. catapults
C. battering rams
D. muskets
And the Answer IS…
A. cannons
What was a result of the Black Death of
the fourteenth century?
A. rapid growth of population in cities not
affected by the plague
B. African culture destroyed from forced
slave captures by European traders
C. war in western Europe
D. dramatic shortages of laborers and
people throughout Europe
And the Answer IS…
D. dramatic shortages
of laborers and
people throughout
Europe
Where was scholarly learning
concentrated in medieval Europe?
A. with Church scholars in monasteries
B. in old Roman towns that were not
attached by barbarians
C. with Muslim schools established to
educate the nobility
D. in war colleges held during the
Crusades
And the Answer IS…
A. with Church scholars
in monasteries
The works of medieval scholars led to the
rise of what organizations?
A. universities
B. cathedral schools
C. libraries
D. public education centers
And the Answer IS…
A. universities
SOL WHI.13
 Increased trade between Europe and the Muslim
and Byzantine empires was stimulated by what?
A. Muslim expansion into southern Europe
B. the repeal of a ban on non-Christian trade by
the Pope
C. the Crusades
D. a trade alliance between the Byzantine
empire and the Hold Roman Empire
And the Answer IS…
C. the Crusades
The introduction of new bookkeeping
practices after the Crusades was aided by
what?
A. paper from China
B. Arabic numbers
C. coins from Rome
D. Florentine record-keeping
And the Answer IS…
B. Arabic numbers
The Italian city-states became important.
What led to the rise of Florence, Venice,
and Genoa?
A. their isolated location
B. a king made all their decisions
C. trade, especially with Northern Europe
D. their location in the interior of Europe
And the Answer IS…
C. trade, especially with
Northern Europe
Government power in wealthy city-states
seemed to rest in which segment of
society?
A. farmers
B. merchants
C. church officials
D. lawyers
And the Answer IS…
B. merchants
 The Prince by Machiavelli:
A. encouraged honesty and fair play by
political rulers.
B. provided a set of rules for rulers to take
and hold power.
C. was the story of an English prince from the
Middle Ages.
D. firmly established democracy as the
government in Italy.
And the Answer IS…
B. provided a set of
rules for rulers to take
and hold power.
The Prince is famous for advocating what
idea?
A. a successful prince must always keep
his word regardless of the
consequences.
B. the overthrow of absolute power.
C. the end result always justifies the
means.
D. the death penalty for those who
disagree with the rule of the leaders.
And the Answer IS…
C. the end result always
justifies the means.
Renaissance art was notable for:
A. showing religious themes for the first
time.
B. focusing on humans and their
emotions.
C. including many military scenes.
D. having flat backgrounds with figures up
front.
And the Answer IS…
B. focusing on humans
and their emotions.
Which of these Renaissance artists is
correctly paired with his famous work?
A. Michelangelo – Last Supper
B. Rafael – Sculpture of David
C. Leonardo da Vinci – Mona Lisa
D. Titan – School of Athens
And the Answer IS…
C. Leonardo da Vinci –
Mona Lisa
Michelangelo is famous for his work in
what building?
A. St. Paul’s Basilica
B. the Sistine Chapel
C. the Tower of Pisa
D. Westminster Abbey
And the Answer IS…
B. the Sistine Chapel
Which of these was famous for their
Renaissance literature?
A. Rafael
B. da Vinci
C. Petrarch
D. Michelangelo
And the Answer IS…
C. Petrarch
What provided the major economic
support for the Renaissance?
A. wealthy patrons
B. church officials
C. government grants
D. kings competing for prestige
And the Answer IS…
A. wealthy patrons
 What is the major difference between the Renaissance art
of northern Europe and Italy?
A. Northern Europeans art had more scenes of
classical Greece and Italy had more scenes of
classical Rome.
B. Northern European art had more scenes of
everyday life while Italy had more religious
scenes.
C. Northern European art glorified Jesus while
Italy glorified God.
D. Northern European art had fewer scenes that
emphasized Renaissance wealth and more scenes that
emphasized salvation.
And the Answer IS…
B. Northern European
art had more scenes
of everyday life while
Italy had more religious
scenes.
What invention had the greatest influence
on the spread of ideas in the Northern
Renaissance?
A. gunpowder
B. moveable type
C. the compass
D. the rudder
And the Answer IS…
B. moveable type
What figure of the northern Renaissance
wrote Utopia?
A. William Shakespeare
B. Petrarch
C. Erasmus
D. Thomas More
And the Answer IS…
D. Thomas More