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Lecture 10 Marketing and Ethics Dr. Lucy Ting [email protected] Agenda • Morality and Ethics – Define the Scope • What is Marketing? – Marketing Evolution – Value of Marketing • Ethical Issues of Marketing – STP Process – Branding Agenda • Ethical Issues in Advertising – Deception – Manipulation – Exaggeration Morality “Morality refers to those basic and constitutive features of the lives of reasongiving beings that provide action-guidance with regard to the well being of sentient life and the integrity of their world.” Brenkert (2008) “Morality is concerned with social practices defining right and wrong.” Beauchamp et al. (2009), “Ethical Theory and Business,” 8th Edition, Pearson: London Ethics “Ethics…attempt(s) to take the measure of morality in some critical and evaluative manner.” Brenkert (2008) “Ethics point to reflection on the nature and justification of right actions. (It) refers to attempts to introduce clarity, substance and precision of argument into the domain of morality.” Beauchamp et al. (2009), “Ethical Theory and Business,” 8th Edition, Pearson: London Personal Opinions? • Too broad – “Some of our beliefs and values are moral, but others religious, aesthetic, self-interested…etc.” • Too narrow – “Without moral systems in which we agree, at least in general, life would not only be a much less bearable experience, it would also be utterly changed.” Brenkert (2008) What is Marketing?? Marketing as a Process 5. Capture Value and Profit 1. Understanding Marketplace and Customers 2. Customer Oriented Strategy (STP) 4. Build Customer Relationship 3. Integrated Marketing Program (Marketing Mix) Kotler and Armstrong (2009) Marketing Evolution emphasise the most efficient Production 1870~ way to product Era 1930 and distribute products emphasis on aggressive 1930~ Sales Era selling to move 1950 products out of warehouses Demand > Supply; consumers have no choice Supply > Demand; consumers are pushed to buy Solomon et al. (2008) “Marketing: Real People, Real Choices,” Pearson Prentice Hall, Chapter 1 Marketing Evolution focus to satisfy Consumer 1950~ customers’ Era 1990 needs and wants Supply > Demand; consumers are taken care of Supply > Demand; focus to benefit individuals and New Era ? 1990~? the society stakeholders together as customers Solomon et al. (2008) Chpt 1 The Value of Marketing • Marketing is about Exchange relationship – The process by which some transfer of value occurs between at least two parties (1) willing to make a trade; (2) agreeing on the value of exchange; (3) agreeing on how its carried out. – The supply and demand model of economics Solomon et al. (2008) & Bagozzi (1975), “Marketing as Exchange,” Journal of Marketing, 39(Octorber), pp. 32-39 The Value of Marketing • Marketing is about Meeting Needs – marketing identify stakeholders (ie. consumers) needs and provide the products that satisfy those needs to ensure the firm’s long-term profitability Solomon et al. (2008) & Bagozzi (1975), “Marketing as Exchange,” Journal of Marketing, 39(Octorber), pp. 32-39 The value of Marketing • Marketing is about Creating Utility – Utility creates value and is the sum of the benefits and usefulness consumers receive from using a product Solomon et al. (2008) & Bagozzi (1975), “Marketing as Exchange,” Journal of Marketing, 39(Octorber), pp. 32-39 What is Marketing? Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering value to customers and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. American Marketing Association www.marketingpower.com (accessed Nov 2008) Ethical Issues of Marketing For instance, 1. Segmentation and Target Market 2. Branding