* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Evolution Review Powerpoint
Natural selection wikipedia , lookup
Objections to evolution wikipedia , lookup
Sociocultural evolution wikipedia , lookup
Symbiogenesis wikipedia , lookup
Hologenome theory of evolution wikipedia , lookup
Hindu views on evolution wikipedia , lookup
Genetics and the Origin of Species wikipedia , lookup
Paleontology wikipedia , lookup
Evolution of metal ions in biological systems wikipedia , lookup
Koinophilia wikipedia , lookup
Unilineal evolution wikipedia , lookup
Creation and evolution in public education in the United States wikipedia , lookup
Evolutionary history of life wikipedia , lookup
Microbial cooperation wikipedia , lookup
Punctuated equilibrium wikipedia , lookup
Acceptance of evolution by religious groups wikipedia , lookup
Module 10 Evolution Abiogenesis • Life first arose from non-living material in a “primordial soup” • Experimentally tested by Miller and Urey • Also called SPONTANEOUS GENERATION H2S CO Heterotroph Hypothesis • Explains evolution of prokaryotic cells • Earliest cells had to take in nutrients (heterotrophic) • Earliest cells had to live in oxygen free conditions (anerobic) Heterotroph Hypothesis • Photosynthetic prokaryotic cells evolved, allowing for release of free oxygen • Led to ozone layer O2 Heterotroph Hypothesis • Oxygen led to evolution of aerobic cells O2 Endosymbiont Hypothesis • Explains the evolution of eukaryotic cells • A symbiotic relationship formed between larger and smaller prokaryotic cells – smaller cells became mitochondria and chloroplasts • YouTube - The Evolution of Eukaryotic Organisms: Endosymbiotic Theory Multicellular Life • Multicellular organisms are made of eukaryotic cells • The evolution of eukaryotic cells allowed multicellular life to evolve, and eventually colonize land Biogenesis: Life comes from life • Although life may have arisen spontaneously, life continues through other life! • Spontaneous generation has been disproven by scientists Biogenesis: Life comes from life Disproven by: Francesco Redi Biogenesis: Life comes from life Disproven by: Louis Pasteur Evolution = CHANGE over time Occurs through the process of NATURAL SELECTION Nature “selects” the best adapted organisms to survive and reproduce Natural Selection Stated Clearly (10 min) What is an Adaptation? • A “heritable” trait • Makes an organism better suited to its role in the ecosystem • May be structural, behavioral, or physiological Structural: defensive structures, camouflage, mimicry Behavioral: Herding, schooling, growling Physiological: enzymes, oxygen transport, sight Theory of Natural Selection • Proposed by Charles Darwin • 4 “Requirements” Variation Different phenotypes in the population Overproduction Leads to competition Natural Selection Nature “selects” the best adapted Survival of the “fittest” Best adapted individuals have greater reproductive success Individuals DON’T EVOLVE! Individuals don’t evolve – populations do! This requires a change in the “gene pool” MUTATION: The raw material for change Can be selected FOR Can be selected AGAINST 3 Selection Mechanisms Stabilizing Directional Disruptive Speciation Speciation: The development of a new species Geographic Isolation Natural Selection Reproductive Isolation Timeframe for Evolution Gradualism GRADUALISM: Occurs over a long period of time with the accumulation of small changes PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM: Occurs with speciation in rapid bursts with 1000’s of years of stability between changes Punctuated Equilibrium Evidence for Evolution Fossil Record May give exact age or relative age Evidence for Evolution Biochemical Evidence Comparing amino acid sequences REMEMBER… If amino acids are similar, DNA is similar because DNA is a code for making proteins! Evidence for Evolution Homologous Structures Similar bone arrangement, but different functions REMEMBER… Analogous structures do not give evidence of evolution from a common ancestor! Evidence for Evolution Vestigial Structures Not functional, but may have been important in an ancestor Vestigial Structures - SciShow Evidence for Evolution Comparative Embryology Similar embryos give evidence of a common ancestor Evolution Today Evolution is still happening! However, it’s usually too slow to observe… EXCEPT: 1) Pesticide Resistance Evolution Today Evolution is still happening! However, it’s usually too slow to observe… EXCEPT: 2) Antibiotic Resistance