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Transcript
Evidence for Evolution Evidence of Evolution Key Concept Darwin Argued That Living Things Have Been Evolving On Earth For Millions of Years. Evidence For This Process Could Be Found In: – The Fossil Record – The Geographical Distribution of Living Species – Homologous Structures of Living Organisms – Similarities In Early Development-Comparative Embryology – Comparative Biochemistry – Vestigial structures copyright cmassengale 2 Evolutionary Time Scales Macroevolution: Long time scale events that create and destroy species. copyright cmassengale 3 Evolutionary Time Scales Microevolution: Short time scale events (generationto-generation) that change the genotypes and phenotypes of populations copyright cmassengale 4 Fossil Record • Earth is Billions of Years Old • Fossils In Different Layers of Rock (sedimentary Rock Strata) Showed Evidence Of Gradual Change Over Time copyright cmassengale 5 Fossil Evidence of Evolution Fossil records document the course of life through time 6 Fossil Evidence of Evolution Whale “missing links” 7 Fossil Evidence of Evolution Evolutionary change in body size and toe reduction of horses 8 Comparative anatomy Homologous structures: • Same Structure, different function • Scientists Noticed Animals With Backbones (Vertebrates) Had Similar/Same Bone Structure • May Differ In Form or Function • Limb Bones Develop In Similar Patterns • Arms, Wings, Legs, Flippers copyright cmassengale 9 Homologous Structures copyright cmassengale 10 Comparative Anatomy Vestigial structures: have no apparent function, but resemble structures their ancestors possessed Examples: Appendix, ear muscles, coccyx, leg bone in snakes Vestigial structures of a whale 11 Evidence for Evolution - Comparative Embryology Similarities In Embryonic Development copyright cmassengale 13 Comparative Embryology • Strongest anatomical evidence supporting evolution comes from comparisons of how organisms develop. • Early vertebrate embryos possess pharyngeal pouches that develop into: – In humans: glands and ducts – In fish: gill slits 14 Similarities In Early Development • Embryonic Structures Of Different Species Show Significant Similarities • Embryo – early stages of vertebrate development • Help Scientist Group Animals copyright cmassengale 15 copyright cmassengale Similarities in DNA Sequence 16 Evolution of pesticide resistance in response to selection copyright cmassengale 17 Evidence for Evolution – Evolution Observed Evolution of drug-resistance in HIV copyright cmassengale 18 Geographic Distribution of Living Species • Different Animals On Different Continents But Similar Adaptations To Shared Environments copyright cmassengale 19