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Transcript
Darwin’s Theory Ch. 6 Section 1 Learning Target • I can describe important observations Darwin made on his voyage and explain how natural selection leads to evolution. Charles Darwin • Darwin was 22 years old when he set sail on the British ship HMS Beagle in 1831. • A naturalist on the ship. (someone who studies the natural world). • Observed many types of plants and animals and wondered why they were so different from the plants and animals in England. • Led to the theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. Darwin’s Observations • Included… • Diversity of living things, remains of ancient organisms, and characteristics of organisms on the Galapagos Islands. Diversity and Fossils • Darwin Noticed that animals were diverse and that they adapted to the environment in which they lived in. • Fossil- preserved remains or traces of an organism that lived in the past. Galapagos Organisms • Many similarities were found between the Galapagos Organisms and the South American Organisms. (plants and animals) • There are differences too. • Ex. Galapagos iguanas have longer claws than South American. > This is so they can grip on the slippery rocks on the cost. Adaptations • Finches beaks varied between islands. • Some had narrow beaks for eating insects • Others had wide beaks for eating seeds. • Adaptation: trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce. Evolution • When animals arrived on the Galapagos Islands they had to adapt to new conditions and environment. • The species gradually changed over many generations. Natural Selection • Darwin’s Book “the Origin of Species” proposed that evolution occurs by means of natural selection. • Natural Selection: process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species. Natural Selection with turtles • Overproduction: Turtles lay many eggs, not all of the young survive. • Variation: each turtle has slightly different traits. • Competition: turtles compete with one another. A faster turtle may escape a predator. • Selection: variation such as speed make some turtles better able to survive in their environment. • Survival and Reproduction: only few turtles Learning Target • I can describe important observations Darwin made and explain how natural selection leads to evolution.