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Done by: Jerrick Lim (1P2) Benjamin Chua (1P4) Xiao Dong (1P4) Agenda Laser’s definition Type of laser History of laser Inventor of laser Uses of laser What is laser? Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation A mechanism for emitting electromagnetic radiation, often visible light, via the process of stimulated emission Matter? Types of laser Gas Laser E.g. Carbon monoxide, nitrogen Chemical Lasers E.g. Hydrogen fluoride Metal-vapour Lasers E.g. Gold, helium, copper Solid-state Lasers E.g. Ruby, titanium Semiconductor Lasers E.g. Hybrid silicon, lead salt Others E.g. Free electron, gas dynamic Before the Laser there was the Maser Maser Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation Invented by Charles Townes and Arthur Schawlow in 1954 using ammonia gas and microwave radiation The technology is very close but does not use a visible light. Before the Laser there was the Maser On March 24 1959, Charles Townes and Arthur Schawlow were granted a patent for the maser. The maser was used to amplify radio signals and as an ultrasensitive detector for space research. Ruby Laser In 1960, Theodore Maiman invented the ruby laser considered to be the first successful optical or light laser. Many historians claim that Theodore Maiman invented the first optical laser, however, there is some controversy that Gordon Gould was the first. Gordon Gould - Laser Gordon Gould was the first person to use the word "laser". There is good reason to believe that Gordon Gould made the first light laser. Gordon Gould was first inspired to build his optical laser starting in 1958. He failed to file for a patent his invention until 1959. As a result, Gordon Gould's patent was refused and his technology was exploited by others. It took until 1977 for Gordon Gould to finally win his patent war and receive his first patent for the laser. Uses of laser - Medical Lasers Used as a scalpel Used to reattach retinas Used in conjunction with fiber optics to place the laser beam where it needs to be Used to stitch up incisions after surgery, by fusing together skin Uses of laser - Entertainment Laser shows are quite popular and the special effects are amazing. They use lasers that are in the visible spectrum along with vibrating mirrors to paint images in the air. Uses of laser - Computers and Music Reading of CD Having a reflective aluminium layer that has very small pits put in it. The pits and the lack of are translated into binary by the computer and then are used for information. Fiber optics Lasers travel very fast and they make an ideal way to communicate. The laser is shot down a fiberglass tube to a receiver. These wires can be very long with no loss of signal quality. Also modern multiplexing of the line lets two lasers of different frequencies share the same line. Uses of laser - Metal working Industrial production Very accurate point and solid state construction Allow better cuts on metals and the welding of dissimilar metals with out the use of a flux Mounted on robotic arms and used in factors ○ Safer then oxygen and acetylene, or arc welding