Download Chemistry Notes

Periodic Table 1
• One of a class of substances that cannot be
separated into simpler substances by chemical
means (Sulfur, Platinum, Iodine)
Chemistry Notes
Periodic Table
• Table of all the elements
Compound
• 2 or more elements put together.
Law of Definite Proportions
• (chemistry) law stating that every pure
substance always contains the same elements
combined in the same proportions by weight.
Law of Multiple Proportions
• Law of Multiple Proportions - (chemistry) law
stating that when two elements can combine
to form more than one compound the
amounts of one of them that combines with a
fixed amount of the other will exhibit a simple
multiple relation
Democritus
• Greek philosopher who developed one of the
first atomist theories of the universe
Dalton
• English chemist and physicist who formulated
atomic theory and the law of partial
pressures; gave the first description of redgreen color blindness (1766-1844)
Atom
• the smallest component of an element having
the chemical properties of the element,
consisting of a nucleus containing
combinations of neutrons and protons and
one or more electrons bound to the nucleus
by electrical attraction
Cathode Ray
• a beam of electrons emitted by the cathode of
an electrical discharge tube .
Electrons
• Are negatively charged subatomic particle.
The yellow dots are electrons.
Nucleus
• the middle of an atom (protons and the
neutrons are located here). The pink and blue
represent the nucleus.
Proton
• Has a positive charge. You can say the protons
are the red in the atom below.
Neutron
• Have a neutral charge. You can say that the
neutrons are the blue particles in the atom
below.
Atomic Number
• the most important number for each element
(tells you the atomic number, the number of
protons, and the number of electrons) in a
stable atom. (6) is the atomic number of
carbon.
Isotopes
• Are of the same element and have the same
atomic number but different masses because
they have different numbers of neutrons.
Mass Number
• The sum of the number of neutrons and
protons in an atomic nucleus. 12.01 is the
mass of 1 mole of Carbon.
Atomic Mass Unit (amu)
• Also called dalton. a unit of mass, equal to 1/12
the mass of the carbon-12 atom and used to
express the mass of atomic and subatomic
particles.
Atomic Mass
• The mass of an atom, usually expressed in
atomic mass units.
• 1 Carbon-12 atom is equal to 12 amu
Columns and Groups
• When you go up and down the Periodic
table……those are called columns and Groups
Row and Period
• When you go across the Periodic table…(side
to side) that area is called periods and rows.
Metals vs. Nonmetals
• There are more metals on the Periodic Table
than non-metals. The white is non-metals.
The metals are everything that isn’t white.
Radioactive
• Where are the radioactive elements located?
• There are the light blue at the bottom.
Noble Gases
• Where are the Noble Gases located…… The
colum all the way on the right.
• Do they have anything to do with the other
elements?
Basics of Chemistry
• Ions are Stealing electrons / sharing
electrons…….which helps them become
…….compounds and molecules….