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Week 9 CCA Test Review Labeling an atom Electron Neutron Proton Nucleus Energy Level Fill in the table: Subatomic Particles Charge Proton Positive 1 amu Negative 0 amu No charge 1 amu Electron Neutron What is the atomic mass? Atomic mass: the mass of an atom Protons + Neutrons Atomic Mass What is the atomic number? Atomic number: Element number used to show where on the periodic table the element is found. Also, it is the number of protons. Atomic Number = Number of Protons What are valence electrons? Atoms in the outside energy level, used to determine reactivity of an atom How can you find the number of neutrons? Atomic Mass - Atomic Number (protons) Neutrons How do you know if an atom is neutral? Protons (positive charges) = Electrons (negative charges) If it has the same number of positive (protons) and negative (electron) charges 3 positive charges 3 negative charges Remember: all elements on the periodic table are neutral! Fill in the missing information Atomic Mass Atomic Number Protons 2-8-8 Rule Neutrons Octet Rule Electrons Energy Levels? Valence Electrons Is this a stable atom? Is this a neutral atom? Element? Element symbol? 9 4 4 9-4=5 4 2 2 No - Valence level is not full Yes – protons = electrons Beryllium Be Bohr Model Octet (2-8-8) Rule First energy level can hold 2 electrons Second energy level can hold 8 electrons Third energy level can hold 8 electrons What do valence electrons determine? They determine how reactive an atom is 1 and 7 valence electrons – most reactive 8 valence electrons – least reactive Determine how am atom will bond 1 valence electron – give away 7 valence electrons - steal What is an ionic bond? When does this happen Ionic bond: when valence electrons are given or taken in order for elements to bone This happens when an atom needs to give or take 1, 2, or 3 valence electrons to be stable What is an covalent bond? When does this happen? Covalent bond: when atoms bond by sharing valence electrons This happens when atoms share and become stable How is the Periodic Table arranged? By atomic number (number of protons) Groups (valence electrons) and Period (energy levels) Physical and Chemical properties Color Metals, Non-Metals, and Metalloids Put a circle around the non metals that are gasses Label Groups and Periods Most reactive groups Group 1 Group 17 Least Reactive Group Noble Gasses – Group 18 What information can be found if you know the Period of an element? Number of energy levels What information can be found if you know the group of an element? Number of valence electrons Remember to cover the one on the two digit numbers! Most reactive groups Group 1 Why? Group 1 only has one valence electron and group 17 only has 7. They are both 1 valence electron away Group 17 from being stable (happy). Least Reactive Group Why? Group 18 has 8 valence electrons which fills up the valence level, Noble Gasses – Group 18 meaning the atom is stable (happy) Why do elements with similar valence level of electrons have similar chemical properties? They will react the same way, because they have the same number of valence electrons What has similar physical and chemical characteristics to Nitrogen? Any element that is in the same family/group Nitrogen Family Argon - Protons Remember: Atomic number = protons Protons = 18 Sodium – Atomic Mass Atomic Mass = 22 (drop the decimals) Carbon - neutrons Remember: Atomic mass – atomic number = neutrons Neutrons = 6 Neon – atomic number Atomic Number = 10 Potassium – Valence Electrons 1st group = 1 valence electron Valence electrons - 1 Potassium – Valence Electrons 2nd Period = 2 energy levels Energy Levels Used - 2 Oxygen Bohr Model Review from Unit 1 Physics Newton’s 3 Laws 1. An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an outside force 2. F=ma 3. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction Balanced and Unbalanced Forces Balanced – not moving Unbalanced – moving (creates a net force) Equations Speed = D/T Acceleration = change in speed/change in time Force = ma Work = Force x distance