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Atoms, Matter & Molecules
Science for 4th & 5th Grade!
Observations
Direct evidence obtained
through use of the senses.
Inference
A hypothesis, drawn from
observations, that attempts
to explain or to make sense
of the observations
ATOM
The smallest particle
into which an element
may be divided and still
be the same substance.
ATOM
The
smallest part you
can break Hydrogen
(an element) into and
still have Hydrogen.
Matter
Anything that has mass
and takes up space.
Energy is NOT matter
Matter is divided into 4
components:
 Elements
 Compounds
 Mixtures
 Solutions
ELEMENT
All elements are on the Periodic Table
All matter is made of an element or a
combination of elements
Hydrogen, Oxygen, Gold
A substance
that consists of only one
kind of atom and that cannot be
chemically separated into other
substances.
Elements:
E l e m e n t s c a n n o t b e
changed into simpler
substances by any
chemical process.
E l e m e n t s a r e m a d e u p
of atoms.
Elements:
simplest kind of matter
 Cannot be broken down into simpler
 All one kind of atom.
 There are 109 of these known to
man
Types of matter

Compounds -
Pure substances
ade up of more
n one element.
m
tha
Compounds:
substances
that can be broken down
by chemical methods
When they are broken down, the
pieces have completely different
properties than the compound.
Made of molecules- two or more
atoms
Compounds:
They are pure
substances put
together by
chemically
combining
elements
Not all
combinations of
elements are
compounds
though– some
can be mixtures!
So remember…
ELEMENTS contain only one kind of
atom



There are 109 different kinds of
elements
1-109 = atomic # of the elements.
Solutions:

Solutions - A special
mi
xture formed when
one su
bstance dissolves in another
.
Solutions:

Solvent - the most
abundant substance
in the solution.

Solute - the least
abundant substance
in the solution.

All solutions are not
liquids:


Air is a
of
Steel is
of
solution
gases.
a solution
metals.
Solutions



Homogeneous mixture
Mixed molecule by molecule
Can occur between any state of matter.





Solid in liquid- Kool-aid
Liquid in liquid- antifreeze
Gas in gas- air
Solid in solid - brass
Liquid in gas- water vapor
Solutions




Like all mixtures, they keep the
properties of the components.
Can be separated by physical means
Do not scatter light!
Not easily separated but can be separated.
Two techniques for separating
solutions:
#1. Evaporation:
changing from a
liquid to vapor
state– leaves
behind the
other
component.
#2. Distillation:
 Process used to drive
vapor from liquid by
heating
 Great for separating
two or more liquids
which have different
boiling points.
MIXTURE


Matter that can be
physically separated
into component parts
It is two or more
kinds of matter that
have separate
identities because of
their different
properties.
When different
parts of a mixture
can no longer be
separated into
simpler
substances, we call
each component a
PURE SUBSTANCE
There are two types of
mixtures:

Heterogeneousmixture is not the
same from place to
place.
 Chocolate chip
cookie, gravel,
soil.

Homogeneoussame composition
throughout.
 Kool-aid, air.
•Every part keeps its properties.
Mixtures:
Matter that consists of two or more
substances mixed together: but not
chemically combined or bonded.
 Examples: concrete, Sea Water, a bag
full of different colored marbles..



There are 2 types of Mixtures
Heterogeneous Mixture:
a mixture that does not
appear the same
throughout. (the
individual substances are
visible).
Ex. Soil, Raisin Brand,
Chicken Noodle Soup.


Homogeneous
Mixture: a
mixture that
appears uniform
throughout. (well
mixed).
Ex. Stainless Steel
(Cr, Fe),
Types of matter

Properties of Mixtures:
E
ach substance retains
its own properties.
S u b s t a n c e s c a n b e
sent in any amount.
S u b s t a n c e s c a n b e
separated by simple
p h y s i c a l m e a n s.
pre
Which is it?
Element
Which is it?
COMPOUND
Water is a compound formed from two
hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
chemically combined. H20
Which is it?
MIXTURE
Decide if the substance is an E l e m e n t ,
c o mp o u n d , m i x t u r e , o r s o l u t i o n?
1. Water
1. Compound
2. Salt
2. Compound
3. Oxygen
3. Element
4. Dirt
4. Mixture
5. Air
5. Solution
Click Mouse button to see answers!
Decide if the substance is an E l e m e n t ,
c o mp o u n d , m i x t u r e , o r s o l u t i o n?
6. Copper
6. Element
7. Coke
7. Solution/Mixture
8. Steel
8. Solution
9. Rain
9. Mixture
10. Ice-cream
10. Mixture
Click Mouse button to see answers!
What about MOLECULES?
These are
MULTI-ATOM
particles
They are the smallest particle of
a substance that still retains the
properties of that substance and is
composed of 2 or more atoms.
MOLECULE
Particle of matter that
is made up of two or
more atoms.
MOLECULE
The
smallest part you
can break water (a
compound) into and
still have water.
Particle Charge Location Mass
Proton
+
nucleus
heavy
Neutron
0
nucleus heavy
Electron
-
energy levels very light
Atomic Number
The number of protons in
the nucleus
17
Cl
Chlorine
35.453
Atomic Mass
The number of protons PLUS the
number of neutrons
17
Cl
Chlorine
35.453
17
Cl
Chlorine
35.453
Atomic
Number: 17
Number of Protons: 17
Number of Electrons: 17
Atomic Mass: 35
Number of Neutrons: 18
17 p+
18 n0