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Low Carbon Innovation in China Prospects, Politics & Partnerships Dr David Tyfield IAS, Lancaster University & Demos New Perspectives on Chinese Innovation 21st February 2008 Climate Change as Social Problem • Climate Change is the global problem • 2 to 6 °C temperature rise over 21st century • Need drastic global shift away from high to low carbon consumption • Thorny global politics of an international agreement • Great policy interest in “low carbon innovation” China’s Environmental Woes • Economic growth ≈10% since 1990 • >200 million out of poverty BUT • Massive pollution problems • No. 1 absolute emitter of GHGs (small per capita) • Huge rate of growth of energy consumption • Vulnerability to climate change • China cannot choose and must not be forced to choose between development and environment “Low Carbon Innovation”? • Great interest in low carbon innovation from policy BUT what is it? • Not just technology but also social innovation • “Disruptive Innovation” – fundamental challenges to socio-economic systems (e.g. Barnsley biomass) • “Democratic Innovation” – dispersed, open, user • What is envisaged and supported by policy? Politics of Low Carbon Innovation China • “Scientific development” “harmonious society” • Environmental Legislation • SEPA still weak, Energy still sub-ministerial International • Transition in international political economy • “Global” emergence Innovation in China: The Next Science Powerhouse? • Innovation capacity improving rapidly • “Innovation-oriented country” by 2020, zizhu chuangxin • Environmental innovation, e.g.: – Renewables: Suntech, Rizhao, wind – Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics on fuel cells – Dongtan • Problems: rote-learning, “talent”, IPRs, connections to business, to other researchers & to civil society Leapfrogging? • Ambiguous outcome of policy and innovation • Problems as stimulation? • Growth vs. Environment, esp. at local level? • Growth along familiar trajectories? e.g. Will the “car” run over the frog? • Commitment to coal: lead the way with CCS or exacerbate global coal usage? International Collaboration • China’s problems are problems for us all • EU/UK also lack “low carbon capacity” • Innovation is globalising • • • • Room for mutual benefit China: tech transfer, improving capacity EU/UK: large & new markets to develop LC innovations Particular compatibilities between EU and China (Chatham House) Constraints & Tough Decisions • International – Global governance transition & economic slowdown – Beyond the low-hanging fruit: e.g. IPRs & tech transfer • China – Plagiarism & confidentiality – Culture of open debate and criticism • EU/UK – Match rhetoric with funds, for long-term partnerships • Questions of Direction not just Scale – Need to develop global capacity for democratic oversight of socio-technical trajectories. Cosmopolitan Innovation (四海为家创新) • Cosmopolitanism as “global” social force • Global ethic of concern taking diverse local forms • Grassroots international partnerships are part of the context of the multi-layered politics of climate change treaty • Regime of international collaboration towards “global public goods”, e.g. a climate change Marshall Plan or a global research council • What factors help and constrain collaborations in low carbon innovation between the EU & China? – Energy, Agriculture & Urban Mobility 谢谢 We gratefully note the funding of the ESRC and AIM Project Team: Dr David Tyfield [email protected] Dr James Wilsdon [email protected] Prof John Urry [email protected] Prof Brian Wynne [email protected] & the Demos “Atlas of Ideas” Team www.atlasofideas.org