* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download COMESA Climate Initiative
Climate-friendly gardening wikipedia , lookup
Public opinion on global warming wikipedia , lookup
Economics of global warming wikipedia , lookup
Climate change feedback wikipedia , lookup
Surveys of scientists' views on climate change wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on humans wikipedia , lookup
Effects of global warming on human health wikipedia , lookup
Mitigation of global warming in Australia wikipedia , lookup
Low-carbon economy wikipedia , lookup
Climate change adaptation wikipedia , lookup
Solar radiation management wikipedia , lookup
Politics of global warming wikipedia , lookup
Years of Living Dangerously wikipedia , lookup
Climate change, industry and society wikipedia , lookup
Economics of climate change mitigation wikipedia , lookup
Citizens' Climate Lobby wikipedia , lookup
Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme wikipedia , lookup
Climate change and poverty wikipedia , lookup
Climate change and agriculture wikipedia , lookup
Business action on climate change wikipedia , lookup
Clean Development Mechanism wikipedia , lookup
Climate Change Mitigation: The need to include Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Uses (AFOLU) Scope • • • • • • • • • Introduction What science says about AFOLU CDM a missed opportunity The inequity under CDM The economics of AFOLU Barriers Opportunities to overcome the barriers Framework for African Biocarbon Facility Conclusion and Key Messages Introduction • Africa will be hardest hit by climate with large effects on agriculture. • Poor farmers and other vulnerable groups will need help adapting to climate change. • Today agriculture contributes 14 percent of annual GHG emissions and land use change, including forest loss contributes another 19 percent. • Agriculture, forestry and other land use have a huge potential to cost effectively mitigate GHGs through changes in agricultural technologies, avoided deforestation and management practices. • Need to tackle the drivers of deforestation that lie outside the forestry sector. What science says about AFOLU… • GHG emissions from agriculture and other land use changes are expected to increase in the future given increasing demand for agricultural products and changing food preferences. • The potential for mitigation thro’ agriculture in Africa has been estimated at 970mtCO2e per year by 2030 – accounting for 17% of the global total with additional 14% from forestry. • Africa has significant potential in AFOLU to deliver on carbon sequestration and co-benefits such as food security, biodiversity conservation and poverty reduction. CDM – A Missed Opportunity for Africa Registered CDM projects by Region Africa accounts for less than 3% of total CDM projects 90% of those projects are in South Africa Africa 2.6 Latin America and Caribbean 33.00 63.90 Asia and the Pacific 5 Source: http://cdm.unfccc.int The inequity under CDM • CDM excludes in non-annex 1 countries the following: Forest conservation Avoided deforestation Sustainable forest management Renewable biomass Agriculture and soil carbon Yet, all the above and A/R are credited in annex 1 countries! The Economics of AFOLU • More than any other region Africa depends on agriculture and other land uses for food and economic security. • African terrestrial mitigation can be evenly split between agriculture, avoided deforestation and reforestation • Potential annual payments to Africa from terrestrial carbon: From REDD – 500,000,000 mt @ $X/mt = $ X billion From A/R – 500,000,000 mt @ $X/mt = $ X billion From agriculture – 500,000,000 @ $ X/mt = $ X billion Total $ 3X billion This is about 2.5 times average annual aid to Africa. Source: McKinsey Analysis Barriers • Exclusion of soil carbon sequestration and avoided deforestation. • Methodological issues – Monitoring, Reportable and Verifiable (MRVs) Defining the baseline Additionality Leakages Permanence • Cost effectiveness • High transaction costs Opportunities to overcome the barriers… • Simplify the rules of CDM. • Broaden the CDM definition of afforestation and reforestation to include agroforestry and forest rehabilitation. • Allow soil carbon sequestration and REDD plus under CDM. • Increase participation in voluntary markets. • Establish an African Biocarbon Facility to harness both public and private funds for AFOLU. African BioCarbon Facility Buyer % of credits sold under long term forward contracts ODA, Countries, other Investors $ Buyer Credits $ % of credits sold after generated BioCarbon Fund $ Intermediary $ Activity Activity Activity Activity Feb, 2009 Buyer Buyer Buyer Buyer Carbon credits $, tech assistance Intermediary Carbon Rights $ Carbon Rights Activity Activity Activity Activity Climate Change Workshop Nairobi, Kenya 10 Conclusion and Key Messages • Across Africa, the fate of the poor and vulnerable groups are closely tied to agriculture as sources of food and economic security. • Africa must optimize the full climate change mitigation and adaptation potential by ensuring that AFOLU and REDD are included in the Post 2012 climate change regime. • A programme of work for REDD/AFOLU readiness. • Broaden and simply CDM to include REDD, A/R and agriculture and other land uses. • Pursue the establishment of an African BioCarbon Facility to support climate change mitigation and adaptation in Africa. Thank you Merci