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State-of-the-Art Analysis
of climate change and energy strategies
in selected SEE countries
DI Dr. Hannes SCHWAIGER
JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH
Graz, May 24th 2013
Content
Work package 3.2
 Overview of national existing GHG emissions, future
trends and planed measures in SEE countries
 Overview of existing SEE country low carbon strategies
 Austria
 Albania
 Serbia
 FYROM (Macedonia)
 Montenergo
Austria
National strategies
• Annual GHG emissions
 Around 85 Mio.t (2012) most in the energy, industry sector
• The Austrian Climate Mitigation Act
 Coordinative plan to reduce GHG emissions via sectoral
allocation, measures are allocated to the states, still negotiations
among ministries and between ministries and states
• The Austrian Energy Strategy
 Measures targeted a more sustainable und independent energy
system fulfilling also the EU 2020 targets (34% RES)
• Renewable Electricity Law (Ökostromgesetz)
 Measures to enlarge the existing Austrian electricity generation via
RES until 2020
• NREAP, NEEAP
Regional strategies
• Regional climate change policies:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Styria: “Styrian Climate Change Mitigation Plan”
Vienna: “Climate Protection Programme (KLiP I+II)”
Carinthia: Institute for Climate Protection - KIKS, energy concept
Salzburg: Report on CC mitigation options, energy strategy
Upper Austria: Report on CC mitigation options, “Energy Future
2030” programme
Lower Austria: Climate Programme 2009-2012
Tyrol: CC Mitigation Strategy, Tyrolean Energy Strategy 2020
Burgenland: Development Strategy 2020
Vorarlberg: Action plan towards an energy autarchy by 2020
Albania
National strategies
• Annual GHG emissions
 7.6 Mio t of GHG emissions (energy 44% agriculture 27%,
LULUCF 21%, high growth rates in transport)
• National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP)
 adopted 2011, improve energy efficiency in all sectors
• Draft National Action Plan on Renewable Resources
(NREAP)
 draft available to be adopted by the Government
Specific national strategies
• The National Strategy for
Development and Integration (NSDI) 2007-2013
 Strategy to increase RES up to 38% in 2020, increase energy
savings from 3 to 9% in 2018, reduce GHG emissions by 16% in
2020, reducing HCFCS from 120 to 29 tons in 2040
• National Energy Strategy
 adopted 2003, defines changes to increase energy security
and optimize energy resources
• The Environmental Cross-cutting Strategy 2007-2013
 measures to improve energy efficiencies among sectors
FYROM
(Macedonia)
National strategies
• Annual GHG emissions
 Around 14 Mio.t (2000) most from energy, agriculture
• Law on Environment (adopted 2007-2011)
 National sustainable development strategy, strategy for CDM and
the adaptation of the health sector on CC and the National
Environmental Investment Strategy, goal: GHG reduction of 30%
• National Energy Strategies (not adopted)
 Strategy for Energy Development in the Republic of Macedonia by
2020, for utilization of renewable energy sources and for energy
efficiency promotion by 2020
 National Industry Policy
Specific national strategies
• 3rd National Communication to the UNFCCC
• Projects:
 Roadmap for introduction of Monitoring Reporting and Verification of
GHG emissions under EU-ETS in Republic of Macedonia
 Macedonian Green Growth and Climate Change Analytic and Advisory
Support Program
 Enhancing Capacity for Low Emission Development Strategies (LEDS)
Montenegro
National strategies
• Annual GHG emissions:
 4.5 Mio t incl. LULUCF (2003), energy and industry
• Draft Energy Development Strategy of Montenegro by
2030
 reduce electricity import dependency, complete the reconstruction and
revitalisation of existing power plants, build two new thermal power
plants, but also small HPPs and other renewables
• National Strategy for Management of Air Quality
 also cover GHGs
• National Strategy for Sustainable Development (2007),
 some general goals and directions for action in the field of climate
change
Serbia
National strategies
• Annual GHG reduction
 around 90 Mio.t (2010), most in industry and agriculture
• Indicative GHG target under Copenhagen Accord
 «envisages possibility for emission limitation from 18% to 29%
until 2020 compared by emissions in 1990 under the business as
usual scenario».
• First National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP)
 by 2018: -9% reduction of the final domestic energy
consumption, adopted in July 2010
• Serbian NREAP  published this year
National strategies
• No comprehensive Climate strategy, but
 Some sector specific laws, such as on energy, waste and air, are
contributing to climate change mitigation
 Policy on forestry includes certain adaptation measures.
• Sustainable Development Strategy (adopted in 2008) and
the National Environmental Protection Programme (2010)
 Treat the climate change problem as being very important.
Overview
Albania
Macedonia
National
communication
to the IPCC
National Renewable
Energy Action Plan
(NREAP)
National Energy
Efficiency Action Plan
(NEEAP)
2nd
to be adopted
 (adopted 2011)
Strategy for utilization
of RES (2010)
First Action Plan for
Energy Efficiency
nd
rd
2 ;3
Montenegro
2nd under
development
Serbia
2nd under
development
-
 (published 2013)
-
 (adopted 2010)
National Strategy on
Climate Change
National Energy
Strategy
 (adopted 2008)
NSDI
National sustainable
development strategy
(2010); National
Environmental
investment strategy
(2009)
National Strategy for
Management of Air
Quality and sust.
Development
GHG target under
Copenhagen Accord ;
Climate Change
Strategy and Action
plan (planed)
 (adopted
2003)
Strategy for
Energy
Development;
Strategy for
Energy Efficiency
Promotion (2010)
Regional
strategies on
CC
no
no
Energy
Development
Strategy (draft)
no
Energy
Development
Strategy (draft)
no
Conclusions
• Most of the West Balkan Countries have no GHG targets
(Non-Annex 1 countries)
• West Balkan Countries advanced regarding development
of energy strategies
 partly driven by the Energy Community Treaty
• Most of the West Balkan Countries (exp. Slo and Cro)
have no comprehensive Climate Strategies yet
 including e.g. transport, waste, adaptation…)
Thank you very much
for your attention!