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TISSUES Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous EPITHELIAL superficial layers of mucous membranes, cells comprising skin, cells lining body cavities and connecting tubes Minimal intercellular material Tightly packed cell sheets characteristics • Many or few layers • Ciliated or not • Glandular or not Epithelial Tissue blood vessels, heart, alveoli, lymph vessels secretory function as in thyroid Ciliated stomach, intestines, gall bladder skin, mouth, pharynx, esophagus nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi Lining of bladder Connective Tissue Solid, liquid , gel Primarily matrix (intercellular material) which binds cells May be loose or dense Loose Connective Tissue Areolar • Supportive, elastic, weave of flexible collagen • Between muscles & supports organs Adipose • Fat cells found below skin in subcutaneous fascia • Between muscles and organs Lymphoid • Lymphocytes • Tonsils, adenoids, lymph nodes Dense Connective Tissue White Fibrous • Unyielding, strong, closely packed • Ligaments, tendons, aponeuroses • Fascia covering of organs Yellow Elastic • Elastic, has recoil • Cartilage of trachea; bronchi, lungs • Some ligaments Dense Connective Tissue Tendon • Tough, non elastic • Great tensile strength, keeps fibers from being separated when pulled • Reduced compressive strength, keeps fibers from being crushed • Always associated with a muscle • Attaches muscle to bone, cartilage and to each other • Aponeuroses, flat tendon sheet Dense Connective Tissue Ligament • Great tensile strength, none or little stretch • Bind bone to bone, bone to cartilage, cartilage to cartilageskeletal • Bind organs to organs- visceral Dense Connective Tissue Fascia • All dense connective tissue other than tendons, aponeuroses or ligament • Found throughout the body • Usually in the form of membranous sheets • Commonly associated with muscles: endomesium, perimesium, epimysium Special Connective Tissues Cartilage Hyaline • Both tensile and compressive strength • Covers articular surfaces of bone • Non-articular surfaces of cartilage are perichondrium covered • Calcification or ossification with age • Found in chondral/costal portion of ribs, larynx, trachea, bronchial passages Special Connective Tissues Cartilage Fibro-cartilage • Dense ,white, flexible fibers • Found in some joints in the body • Intervertebral discs Yellow-elastic • Firm elastic fibers • Found in the pinna, epiglottis Special Connective Tissues Bone/osseous All bone begins as cartilage Provide rigid skeletal support Dense or compact Lamellar or sheet like structure • Great tensile and compressive strength Spongy or porous • Appears porous microscopically • Contains marrow that produces red and white blood cells, blood plasma matrix Special Connective Tissues Blood Blood cells arise from within bone marrow Fluid component is plasma Blood consists of corpuscles (cells) and platelets which are separated by plasma Cells are red (erythocytes) and white (leukocytes) Muscle Tissue Skeletal • Voluntary muscle or somatic, found in skeletal structure, striated in appearance Smooth • Involuntary muscle, found in digestive and other involuntary organs, non striated Cardiac • Both smooth and striated in appearance, found in the heart Muscle Tissue Elastic, contractile tissue Agonist is the prime mover of a structure Antagonist opposes a given movement Synergists are muscles that stabilize Muscles are innervated by a single nerve • Sensory innervation is termed afferent • Motor innervation is termed efferent • Motor unit is one efferent nerve fiber and the muscle fibers to which it attaches Muscle Tissue Fascia surrounds muscle components • Endomysium surrounds a muscle cell (fiber) • Perimysium surrounds bundles of muscle fibers • Epimysium surrounds the muscle itself Nerve Tissue
