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Download Adenovirus Serotype 3 - Cal State LA
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Adenovirus MICR 401 Hector Valadez Andrew Wong Adenovirus 100 serologically distinct types Endemic May persist as a latent infection in the lymph nodes Nonenveloped icosahedrons 70 – 90 nm in diameter Baltimore classification of Group I dsDNA Capsid is about 252 capsomers Samples can be isolated in the nasopharyngeal secrections, eye exudates, fecal and, urine specimens Case Study A 7-year old boy attending summer camp complains of sore throat, headache, cough, red eyes, and tiredness and is sent to the infirmary. His temperature is 40oC. Within hours, other campers and counselors visit the infirmary with similar symptoms. Symptoms last 5 to 7 days. All the patients have gone swimming in the camp pond. More than 50% of the people in the camp complain of symptoms similar to those in the initial case. The Public Health Department identifies the agent as adenovirus serotype 3. 1) To which adenovirus syndrome do the symptoms point? Acute respiratory disease Cough, fever, malaise, sore throat Most common in military recruits Pertussis Whopping cough Acute Hemorrhagic Cystitis Acute dysuria and hematuria Infections of the gut Our patient had the following symptoms Eye irritations Conjunctivitis Cough and sore throat Fever Pharyngoconjunctival fever Associated with pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, fever, and malaise 2) An outbreak as large as this indicates a common source of infection. What was the most likely source or sources? What were the most likely routes by which the virus was spread? Many adenovirus serotype 3 infections are associated with contaminated water Symptoms appeared after people entered the camp’s pond Contaminated water entered the mucosal membranes or respiratory tract through aspiration or ingestion Could also be spread from direct contact Towel sharing and fomites 3) What physical properties of the virus facilitate its transmission? Highly resistant Desiccation Detergents Ethers Acids Protease Bile Stable at temperatures up to 56°C Double stranded DNA Easily spread Aerosols Direct contact Fomites Contaminated water 4) What precautions should the camp owners take to prevent outbreaks? No vaccines currently available to the public for serotype 3 Properly treat water beforehand Proper chlorination of the water Antivirals for immunocompromised patients Encourage good hygiene Disinfecting living areas 5) What sample or samples would have been used by the Public Health Department to identify the infectious agent, and what tests would be required to diagnose the infection? Samples can be taken from the assumed source Contaminated water Virus is shed in all bodily fluids Most commonly taken from stool samples Samples grown in cell culture, PCR, direct antigen immunofluorescence and, hemagglutinin inhibition assay Hemagglutination inhibition assay Positive