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Active Lecture Questions Chapter 24 Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. A patient has fever, difficulty breathing, chest pains, fluid in the alveoli, and a positive tuberculin skin test. Gram-positive cocci are isolated from the sputum. The recommended treatment is a. b. c. d. e. penicillin. antitoxin. isoniazid. tetracyclines. none of the above No bacterial pathogen can be isolated from the sputum of a patient with pneumonia. Antibiotic therapy has not been successful. The next step should be a. b. c. d. e. culturing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. culturing for Mycoplasma pneumoniae. culturing for fungi. a change in antibiotics. none; nothing more can be done. Match the choices to the culture descriptions in the next three questions. Your culture from a pneumonia patient appears not to have grown. You do see colonies, however, when the plate is viewed at 100×. a. b. c. d. e. Chlamydophila Coccidioides Histoplasma Mycobacterium Mycoplasma This pneumonia etiology requires cell culture. a. b. c. d. e. Chlamydophila Coccidioides Histoplasma Mycobacterium Mycoplasma Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows ovoid cells in macrophages. You suspect these are the cause of the patient’s symptoms, but your culture grows a filamentous organism. a. b. c. d. e. Chlamydophila Coccidioides Histoplasma Mycobacterium Mycoplasma Microscopic examination of a lung biopsy shows spherules. a. b. c. d. e. Chlamydophila Coccidioides Histoplasma Mycobacterium Mycoplasma In San Francisco, ten animal health care technicians developed pneumonia 2 weeks after 130 goats were moved to the animal shelter where they worked. Which of the following is not true? a. Diagnosis is made by a blood agar culture of sputum. b. The cause is Coxiella burnetii. c. The cause is rickettsia. d. The disease was transmitted by aerosols. e. Diagnosis is made by complement-fixation tests for antibodies. Which of the following leads to all the rest? a. b. c. d. e. catarrhal stage cough loss of cilia mucus accumulation trachaeal cytotoxin What causes the formation of a membrane across the throat? a. b. c. d. e. Bordetella pertussis Corynebacterium diphtheriae Legionella pneumophila Mycobacterium tuberculosis none of the above What is resistant to destruction by phagocytes? a. b. c. d. e. Bordetella pertussis Corynebacterium diphtheriae Legionella pneumophila Mycobacterium tuberculosis none of the above Which antibodies in tears, saliva, and mucus help protect mucosal surfaces from many pathogens? a. b. c. d. IgD IgA IgG IgM In the diagnosis of streptococcal pharyngitis, the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) tests have generally replaced a. b. c. d. Latex indirect agglutination tests Gram staining Culturing Coagulase tests Rhinoviruses cause what percentage of all colds? a. b. c. d. 20% 30% 40% 50% What is the name of the toxin produced by Bordetella pertussis that causes the loss of cilia in the lower respiratory tract? a. b. c. d. Tracheal cytotoxin Pertussis toxin Whooping cough toxin Bordetella toxin One of the most common causes of viral respiratory disease in infants is a. b. c. d. Rhinovirus Influenza virus Respiratory syncytial virus Coronavirus Which disease is seldom transmitted from one human to another but is usually spread by contact with bird droppings and exudates? a. b. c. d. Psittacosis Pontiac fever Melioidosis Q fever What was the leading infectious killer of children in the United States until 1935? a. b. c. d. Scarlet fever Diphtheria Tuberculosis Pertussis Which organism produces a tough grayish membrane in the throat? a. b. c. d. Streptococcus pneumoniae Corynebacterium diphtheriae Mycobacterium tuberculosis Haemophilus influenzae What is the reservoir for Legionella pneumophila? a. b. c. d. Birds Soil Water Rodents In influenza viruses, minor annual variations in the antigenic makeup are called a. b. c. d. Antigenic drift Antigenic shift Mutation Recombination Currently, the influenza viruses used for manufacturing vaccines are grown in a. b. c. d. Petri dishes Cell cultures Embryonated egg cultures Test tube slants What allows the influenza virus to recognize and attach to body cells before infecting them? a. b. c. d. Enzymes HA spikes Lipid bilayer Protein coat Several serious fungal infections affect the lower respiratory system, mainly because fungi a. b. c. d. Are dimorphic Are opportunistic Produce spores Produce toxic proteins Histoplasmosis is a fungal pulmonary disease that is rather restricted geographically, as is a. b. c. d. Aspergillosis Coccidioidomycosis Pneumocystis pneumonia Thrush In Pneumocystis pneumonia, the rupture of a cyst results in the development of a. b. c. d. Trophozoites Merozoites Sporozoites Eggs