Download Communicable Diseases

Parent Training:
Communicable Diseases &
Bloodborne Pathogens
Community Council of Idaho, Inc.
Migrant & Seasonal Head Start
Communicable diseases,
• Sometimes called infectious diseases
• Illnesses caused by organisms such as
– Bacteria
– Viruses
– Fungi (hongos)
– Parasites (parásito)
• Sometimes not due to the organism itself, but
rather a toxin (toxina).
Illnesses caused by organisms such as:
–B_ _ _ _ _ _ _
–V_ _ _ _ _ _
–F_ _ _ _
–P_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
What are some that you can
think of?
How are they transmitted?
How are CD Transmitted (spread)
• One infected person to another,
• From an animal to a human, or
• From some inanimate object
– Ex: doorknobs to an individual (tirador de la
puerta)
• Some communicable diseases can be spread
in more than one way.
How are CD Transmitted (spread)
•
•
•
•
A
B
C
D
Why are Young Children at Risk?
• Children in child care are more likely to get sick than children
who stay at home.
• Children are at risk for getting communicable diseases
because:
– they have developing immune systems
– Infants & young children explore their environment by
using their hands and mouths.
– Young children do not wash their hands on their own after
toileting, eating or wiping their noses, they often spread
germs.
– Staff may not always take time to wash their hands
between activities (i.e. diapering, wiping noses, preparing
food).
What types of diseases are most commonly
seen in young children?
• Ear Infections: Not contagious
• Upper Respiratory: Contagious
– Runny Nose: often a sign of a respiratory illness caused by a virus, but
can also come from crying, teething, being out in cold weather, or
allergies.
• Rashes are not usually contagious (2 common rashes).
– Heat rash: mostly found in the skin folds of a child and is a
small, red rash that t is most often the result of being too
bundled up. It will disappear once the child is cooler.
– Milia: occurs on the face & consists of very small, white
bumps over the forehead and cheeks. Harmless and will
eventually go away.
Continued
• Nausea and Vomiting: Viral infection that is
contagious.
• There are many reasons for nausea and
vomiting, including illness, so a vomiting
infant should be separated from other
children, and monitored closely for signs of
dehydration and illness.
• Pink Eye: contagious
How are Diseases Spread?
• Respiratory: most common way diseases pass from one child
to another is through direct contact with the mucous
membranes of the nose, mouth or eyes (due to inadequate
hygiene).
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Recurrent middle ear infection
Meningitis
Upper respiratory infections (colds, coughs, sinusitis)
Sore throat
Lower respiratory infections (pneumonia, repiratory syncytila virus(RSV))
Haemophilus Influenza type B (HIB)
Whooping cough (pertussis)
Tuberculosis
Swine-Influenza (see handout)
• Fecal-Oral: viruses can be passed from one
person to another through inadequate hand
washing or hand-to-mouth behavior, fecal
material is brought into a child’s mouth,
causing illness.
– Children in diapers and children that put toys and
other objects in their mouths are at risk.
– An uncovered sandbox can contain cat or other
animal feces that may cause disease in humans.
• Diarrheal illnesses, pinworms, hand-foot-mouth disease
(coxsackie), and hepatitis A.
Skin-to-Skin: viruses can be spread by touching
and sharing of personal belongings, dress-up
clothes, stuffed toys and other items can
contribute to the transmission of some
infections:
•
•
•
•
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Chickenpox (varicella)
Impetigo (skin infection caused by bacteria)
Scabies (itchy skin caused by mites)
Head lice
Scalp and body ringworm
Herpes simplex virus (cold sores)
Body Fluids: Blood, Urine, Saliva (Bloodborne
Pathogens)
• Bloodborne disease: disease carried by blood or
other body fluid
• Germs live in body fluids
• When children put toys and fingers in their mouths,
they can spread disease through their body fluids
– Cytomegalovirus (CMV): viral infection that is usually
harmless unless the immune system is weak
– Hepatitis B and C
– HIV / AIDS
How are Diseases Spread?
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R
F
S
B
Rompa la cadena de la
enfermedad!!
Washing hands is one of the most important steps
we can take to avoid getting sick and spreading
germs to others.
ACTIVITY:
Hand Washing
Supplies Needed:
Glow Germs
Black Light
INSTRUCTIONS:
Glo Germ™ Liquid is rubbed onto one’s hands
like lotion.
Then wash your hands as normal.
Use the ultra-violet light to discover remaining
germs left behind.
Review proper hand washing procedures.