Download communicable diseases

*Diseases that are spread from one person to the next
*Diseases that are “catching”
*Diseases that are caused by germs or pathogens
Examples of pathogens include: viruses,
bacteria, protozoa, parasitic worms and fungi
Examples of common communicable diseases…
Cold
Flu
Mononucleosis
Pneumonia
STD’s
Hepatitis
HIV/AIDS
Direct Contact: Exposure to infected body fluids such as blood
or saliva.
Vectors/Reservoirs: Germs are spread by an animal or insect,
usually through a bite
Airborne: Germs are spread through the air, for example
when someone coughs or sneezes.
Food and Water: Food and water can become
contaminated with germs and people can get sick when
they eat or drink them.
Indirect contact: Pathogens remain on surfaces that were in
contact with an infected person.
Virus – more than 200 types including
rhinoviruses and corona viruses can cause
the cold
sore, scratchy throat, sneezing, and a
runny nose. Other symptoms that may
occur later include headache, stuffy
nose, watering eyes, hacking cough,
chills, and general sick-feeling lasting
from 2 to 7 days. Some cases may last
for two weeks.
Bed rest, drink lots of fluids,
medication to treat the
symptoms. There is NO CURE
Respiratory illness caused several
different viruses
•Fever
•Tiredness
•Aches and chills
•Cough
•Headache
Complications of the flu…
•Sore throat
Bronchitis, pneumonia, can cause death in high risk
groups (people with chronic disease, infants and the
elderly)
Fluids and bed rest
Medication like Tylenol to bring
the fever down and relieve
symptoms
H1N1 is a new strain of the flu virus
that is a combination of flu viruses that
affect pigs, birds and humans.
Symptoms:
•Fever
•Body aches
•Cough
•Headaches
•Sore throat
•tiredness
*Some people also have
vomiting and diarrhea
If you have any of these symptoms you should seek medical treatment right
away! Your doctor may give you an antiviral medication like tamiflu, which
help to make the symptoms milder.
Treatment: Rest!
Drink lots of fluids, especially
if you have diarrhea!
Stay home from school if you
have a fever, and limit your
contact with others
Did you know that this flu virus affects children and
teens more than other flu viruses do…
Prevention- Get the H1N1 Vaccine
AND….
•Cover your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or
sneeze—throw the tissue away after you use it.
•Wash your hands often with soap and water, especially after
you cough or sneeze. If you are not near water, use an alcoholbased hand cleaner.
•Stay away as much as you can from people who are sick.
•If you get the flu, stay home from work or school. If you are
sick, do not go near other people so that you don't make them sick
too. Do not return to school until your doctor says you can!
•Try not to touch your eyes, nose, or mouth. Germs often
spread this way.
•Do not share drinks, food, lip gloss…..
•Caused by DIFFERENT Viruses (more than 200 for
the cold, only a few for the flu)
•The flu comes on more QUICKLY
•Some of the symptoms are different….
with the flu there is usually a high fever, aches
and chills
•The flu is more serious, and can be deadly
•There is a vaccine to prevent the flu
(seasonal and H1N1)
Hepatitis B is a serious disease caused by a virus that attacks the
liver. The virus, which is called hepatitis B virus (HBV), can
cause lifelong infection, cirrhosis (scarring) of the liver, liver
cancer, liver failure, and death
Transmission (how do you get it??)
•Contact with the body fluids of an infected person
*Sexual contact
*Blood to Blood contact
Symptoms:
Treatment- Bed rest,
•Jaundice (yellowing of eyes and skin)
medications, do not drink
alcohol
•Tiredness and weakness
•Weight loss, loss of appetite
•Abdominal pain
Prevention: vaccine,
do not share needles,
abstinence (no sex or
drugs!)
an infection of the lungs, which can
be caused by a variety of
microorganisms, including viruses,
bacteria, and parasites.
•fever
•vomiting
•chills
•chest pain
•cough
•abdominal pain
•unusually rapid breathing
•breathing with grunting or
•decreased activity
wheezing sounds
•labored breathing
Treatments :
antibiotics(bacterial)
Prevention: vaccine
antiviral medications
* don’t share food or drink, or be
bed rest
around sick people
Infectious mononucleosis is sometimes called "mono"
or "the kissing disease“. It is an infection usually
caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).
•Not everyone who is exposed to EBV
gets sick
•Once you have it, you will carry the
virus for the rest of your life,
although you probably will not get
sick from it again!
•constant fatigue
•fever
•sore throat
•loss of appetite
•swollen lymph nodes
headaches
•sore muscles
•larger-than-normal liver
or spleen
•skin rash
•abdominal pain
•Kissing someone who has it
•Sharing food, drink, utensils,
toothbrushes
No cure…bed rest, fever reducing
medications, treat other symptoms,
people usually get better in 3-4 weeks
An itchy rash of spots that look like
blisters can appear all over the body
and may be accompanied by flu-like
symptoms.
Rash of bumpy fluid filled red bumps that can
rupture and scab over. This rash is very itchy.
Other symptoms include a fever, abdominal
pain, sore throat, and headache (last 5-7 days on
average)
No cure/symptoms can be treated .
Varicella Vaccine