Download Post- primary certification

Introduction to Radiologic Technology
Section# 8790
Tuesdays 4 – 7:10PM
(FINAL)
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RTEC A INSTRUCTOR
• MINA COLUNGA, B.S.,RT., C.R.T.
Instructor, [email protected] or
[email protected]
WEB page:
www.elcamino.edu/faculty/mcolunga
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El Camino College
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RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY
A
HIGH TECH – HIGH TOUCH
PROFESSION
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WHY CHOOSE
RADIOGRAPHY?
Isn’t it dangerous?
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Is this a safe profession?
Why do you want to do this?
Why are you taking this class?
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Radiation is all around us
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http://www.ncrponline.org/images/160_pi
e_charts/Fig8-1.pdf
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– November 8,
1895:
Historical
Perspectives
• Wilhelm Conrad
Röntgen
discovered xrays
– German
Physicist
– University of
Wurtzburg
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• Wilhelm Röntgen in 1895 - discovered
x-rays
• Working with Crooke’s vacuum tube
– He found invisible rays were produced.
– These new rays could go through skin and
flesh
– Give a picture of a person's bones.
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X-rays – the Basic Radiological Tool
Röntgen’s experimental apparatus Crookes tube
Taken 22 Dec. 1895
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First Radiograph
• Anna Bertha
Röntgen
• 30 minute
exposure
.
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Collaborative Events
• Crookes tube
– Air evacuated glass tube
– Cathode side
– Anode side
– Electrical supply
• Screen or board painted with barium
platinocyanide
• Low light work area
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“Willie Röntgen”
• Honored in 1901
with the first
Nobel prize in
physics for his
efforts.
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Early years in Radiologic Technology
• Nurses or nurses aides taught how to “take an xray”
• NO special education
• Only “ON THE JOB” training
• Experience the best teacher
• The first Technologist is credited to be
EDWARD C. JERMAN.
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An early therapy session
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Patient
Patient
1.
1. X
X--ray
ray Exposure
Exposure
5. Computed
Radiograph
unexposed
unexposed
4.
Image
Scaling
X
X--ray
ray
system
system
Image
Recorder
2.
2.
PSP
PSP
detector
detector
Image
Image
Reader
Reader
exposed
exposed
re
re--usable
phosphor
phosphor
plate
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In 30 years
• Developed from a technical trade to one of a
professionalism
• Once thought that anyone could be trained to
quickly = “push the buttons’
• To now where it is considered a profession that
requires analytical thinking and problem solving
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• X rays began to be used in industry and
medicine
• Years later, they noticed it can be harmful
• They could be harmful to:
– living tissue
– even cause cancer if the exposures
were too great or too prolonged
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First signs of possible damage
from Radiation exposure
• Skin dryness
• Erythema
• Ulcers formed
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Radiologic Technologists
Practices
RADIATION SAFETY
TO SELF
AND
OTHERS
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HISTORY REVIEW
Who is this?
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HISTORY REVIEW
Wilhelm Conrad
Röntgen
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HISTORY REVIEW
What did he discover?
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HISTORY REVIEW
He discovered x-rays
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HISTORY REVIEW
What were the series of
events that led to the
discovery?
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HISTORY REVIEW
1) Crookes tube
– With electrical supply
2) Screen coated with barium platinocyanide
3) Low light area
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What is all that?
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Accrediting Agencies for
Schools (JRC’s)
• Joint Review Committee on Education in
Diagnostic Medical Sonography (JRCDMS)
• Joint Review Committee on Education in
Nuclear Medicine Technology (JRCNMT)
• Joint Review Committee on Education in
Radiologic Technology
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Individual Certification
• Take an exam
• Pay a fee
• You then get registered
• Nearly all hospitals require appropriate
certifciation as a condition of employment.
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Registry Agencies
• American Registty of Diagnostic Medical
Sonographers (ARDMS)
• American Registry of Radiologic
Technologists
• Nuclear Medicine Certification Board
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Licensing Agencies
• Vary from state to state
• List of individual state requirement can be
obtained at www.arrt.org
•
•
•
•
Must provide proof of certification
Fill out paperwork
Pay a fee
Sometimes take an exam
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Certification vs. License
• ARRT
– National certification
• R.T.
– Must take an exam
• Pass with 75%
– Can take this after
completing program
• CRT
– State Licensing
– Must pass ARRT or
other equivalent
national exam to get
this
– Pay fee to get
radiography license
(R)
– Take fluoroscopy
exam and pay a fee
for (F) license
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It covers all of our individual
disciplines.
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RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY
• Radiography
• Mammography
• Computed
Tomography
• Magnetic Resonance
Imaging
• Quality Management
• Sonography
• Radiation Therapy
•
•
•
•
Bone Densitometry
Vascular Sonography
Breast Sonography
Cardiac Interventional
Radiography
• Vascular
Interventional
radiography
• Radiologist Assistant
• Nuclear Medicine
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5 Primary Certifications
• Radiography (R)
• Nuclear Medicine Technology (NM)
• Radiation Therapy (T)
• Sonography (US) (RDMS)
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR)
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Post Primary Certifications
• Mammography (M)
• Computed Tomography(CT)
• Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (MR) or (MRI)
– Note: Both a primary and postprimary track
• Quality Management (QM)
• Cardiac-Interventional
Radiography (CI)
• Vascular-Interventional
Radiography (VI)
• Sonography (US) or (RDMS)
– Note: Both a primary and postprimary track
• Vascular Sonography (VS)
• Breast Sonography (BS)
• Bone Densitometry (BD)
• Registered Radiologist
Assistant (RA)
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MRI and Sonography are
PRIMARY and POST PRIMARY
1) Can get formal education
1) On the job training
1) if you have a primary certification in
radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation
therapy
2) meet clinical requirements.
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SALARY RANGES RT’s
• New R.T. (R) = $ 23 -$40 per hour
– ON-CALL + O.T. $45,000 – $60,000 YR
• Advance disciplines
• R.T. (CT), (T), (NM), (S), (M), etc
– $ 30 - $50 PER HOUR
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Individual Disciplines of
Radiology
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Radiography :
Primary Certification
Mina Colunga R.T. (R)
Mina Colunga Registered
Technologist in the specialty of
Radiography
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RADIOGRAPHY
• Diagnostic Radiology
– Technologist
– Radiographer
– Technician (Limited Licensure)
– Specializing in the use of x-rays to create images of
the body including the skeletal system,chest and
abdomen
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Diagnostic Radiology
• Portable (Mobile) Radiography
• Surgery
• Trauma
• Fluoroscopy (with contrast media)
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EXAMS
•
•
•
•
•
•
All types of
&
PEOPLE
Head to toes
Trauma
Special procedures
Critical patients
Walk ins
Surgery
•
•
•
•
•
Infants
Elderly
All classes
All ethnicity
All backgrounds
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Uses Ionizing Radiation to
create images of the human body
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Flouroscopyxrays in motion
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Fluoroscopy
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MAMMOGRAPHY (M) –
Post- primary certification
Mina Colunga, R.T.(R) (M)
1) Must have primary
certification in radiography
1) On the job training to meet
clinical requirements
Radiographic Imaging of the
breast.
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Bone Densitometry (BD) –
Post primary certification
1) Must have primary certification
in radiography, nuclear medicine
or radiation therapy
2) Meet clinical requirements
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Bone Densitometry- measures
mineral content and density of
bones
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Low Doses of Radiation
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Computed Tomography (CT)Post primary certification
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Computed Tomography
Jennifer Smith, R.T. (R) (CT)
1) Must have primary certification in
radiography, nuclear medicine or
radiation therapy
2) Meet clinical requirements
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CT SCANNER
• Uses
– Radiation
– Computer
• Rescontructs images
– Some in 3-D
FIG. 1–9 A computed tomographic technologist uses a computerized x-ray system to produce sectional anatomic images of 83
the body.
(Courtesy of Philips Medical Systems.)
C T SCANNER
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging
(MR)- Primary and post primary
certification
Jennifer Smith R.T. (R), (MRI)
1) Formal education (primary)
2) Must have primary certification in radiography,
nuclear medicine or radiation therapy. (post primary)
3) Meet clinical requirements (both)
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MRI SIGNAL PRODUCTION
• Uses
– Magnet field
– radio waves
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MRI SAFETY
1. Use non
magnetic
materials
2. Can cause harm
to patient or
employees
3. 1 reported death
from oxygen
tank
1. 6 years old
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Which one is MRI? CT?
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Look for the signs….
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What are the differences
between MRI and CT?
CT
• Uses ionizing radiation
• Can be used on any
patient
• Fast
MRI
• Uses magnets and
radiowaves
• Cannot be used on
patients who have metal
in their body
• Slow
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Which is better?
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What are the similarities
between CT and MRI?
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Angiography
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ANGIOGRAPHY is a specialized radiographic
examination where the images of the blood
vessels of the body are demonstrated by injection
of contrast media
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Cardiac Interventional Radiography
(CI)- Primary certification
Mike Smith, RT (R) (CI)
1) Must have primary
certification in
radiography
2) Meet clinical
requirements
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Vascular Interventional Radiography
(VI)- Post primary certification
JOE CAR, RT (R) (VI)
1) Must have primary
certification in
radiography
2) Meet clinical
requirements
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NUCLEAR
MEDICINE
use radioactive
isotopes to
make images
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Nuclear Medicine
Mina Colunga R.T.
(NM)
• ARRT or NMTCB
certification
– 1-4 year programs
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NM – Images collected after
injections of a RADIOISOTOPE
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The tracer travels into the blood
vessels until it arrives to the
bone
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Prostate cancer metastasized
in bones
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RADIATION
THERAPY (T)- Primary certification
Mina Colunga R.T. (T)
• The branch of Radiology that involves the
treatment of disease by means of high energy
x-rays or radioactive substances
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Radiation Therapy
• Medical dosimetrists are involved
in treatment planning and dose
calculations
• 1-4 year program
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Sonography – Primary and
post primary certification
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Diagnostic Medical Sonographers
• Jen Smith R.T.,(R)
(S) or RT (S) or
(RDMS)
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Ultrasound beam is transmitted
and reflected –
as special crystal at the end of
the transducer can
determine the type of tissue
Determines depth
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Uses SOUND WAVES (NOT X-RAYS)
“real time” images
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ULTRASOUND
uses a technique similar
to Navy SONAR to
produce diagnostic
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images.
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U/S & the “real thing”
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Breast Sonography
• Post Primary Exam
• Valuable for
Technologists that
specialize in
Mammography
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Vascular Sonography
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Additional Opportunities
•
•
•
•
•
Education
Administration
Management (QM)
Commercial
Radiologist
Assistant = RA
• Sales
• Application
specialist
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Radiologist Assistant (RA)
• Still not widely
accepted
• Must have a primary
certification in
radiography
• Must meet clinical
requirements
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TRAVELING TECHNOLOGIST =
SEE THE WORLD AND GET $$$
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Other working opportunities…
• Registry (local)
• Registry (out of
state)
• X rays taken
around the world !!
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Variety of Work Settings
• physicians offices,
•
• clinical outpatient facilities,
• free standing imaging centers,
• mobile imaging centers
• portable services to rehabs
• Mammo’s to under privileged
areas
• Urgent care
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Professional Societies
• ASRT – American Society of Radiologic
Technologist
• CSRT – California Society
Society of Radiologic Technologists
• RTEC – Radiologic Technology Educators of
California
• International Societies, other state societies,
other modalities
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Questions ?
• Diagnostic Imaging Modalities
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Types of Powerpoints
1) Complete lecture
2) Incomplete Lecture
3) Skeleton Lecture
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Complete Lecture
• Everything is there
• You have to take few notes because you can refer back to it at
a later date
• It’s your lucky day if you miss class
• Much like todays lecture
• Lecture goes fast- because you have all the information you
need on the PP.
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Incomplete lecture
1. Bits and ________
2. Must __________to get all information.
3. You should _______ powerpoints, take_____ to fill in the
spots missing or bring ________ or ___________.
4. _________ is _____-pace giving you enough time to take
______ and ______ to lecture.
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Incomplete lecture (Slide 123)
1.
Bits and pieces
2.
Must attend class to get all information.
3.
You should print powerpoints, take notes to fill in the spots missing or
bring a laptop or digital recorder.
–
–
4.
Don’t have to print entire PP only the sheets that need filling in
Or use the page numbers as a reference to which bullet points need to be
filled in
Lecture is mid-pace giving you enough time to take notes and listen to
lecture.
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Skeleton Lecture
• Topics
• Note taking
• Class
• Speed
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Skeleton Lecture (Slide 126)
• Topics
– The main points are listed
• Note taking
– Elaboration of these topics will be given and you must take notes on
these topics
• Class
– If you are not in class you will not get the information unless you have
a buddy that takes excellent notes
• Speed
– Lecture is slower so that you can take notes better, concepts are
reviewed and explained in more detail
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FINAL vs. DRAFT
• Final:
– Safe to print
– No changes will be made
• Draft
– Small changes will be made
– May be best to wait to print
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