Download EL CAMINO COLLEGE RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM

CAREERS IN RADIOLOGIC
TECHNOLOGY
RADIOLOGIC
TECHNOLOGIST
– RADIOGRAPHER
– X-RAY
TECHNOLOGIST
“ TECHNICIAN”
RADIOLOGIST
What does a
Radiologic
Technologist
do?
A “Radiologic Technologist”
(or Radiographer)
medical professional
trained to safely use x-ray radiation to
image different parts of patients’ bodies
Provide diagnostic images so the
physician can make a diagnosis
Medical Radiographer
(X-ray Technologist)
use sophisticated imaging equipment to image
parts of the human body
challenging field
assist physicians by producing images of
diagnostic quality
responsibility to explain the process to the
patients
position them and the equipment correctly
and adhere to the principles of radiation
protection.
know how to maintain equipment, process
images and keep patient records.
Radiologic Technologist
R.T.
Dawn Charman, M.Ed., RT (R)(M), CRT(R)(F)
Kelly Clark, M.S.R.T. RT (R)(CT), CRT(R)(F)
Mina Colunga, B.S.R.T. RT (R), CRT(R)(F)
ARRT – R.T.
State of California– C.R.T.
Radiologic Technologist
is a licensed professional
This program here is for an entry level into the
profession
Both Radiation Therapy and Nuclear Medicine would
require additional education
Certification/licenses
ARRT— American Registry of Radiologic
Technologies
– Provides national certification
– After taking the exam
CRT--
California Registered Technologist
– After completing ARRT exam you pay a fee and get your
California license to practice
– A separate test is taken for fluoroscopy
Radiologic Technologists
All types of
EXAMS
&
PEOPLE
• HEAD TO TOES
• TRAUMA
• SPECIAL
PROCEDURES
• CRITICAL PATIENTS
• WALK INS
• SURGERY
PATIENTS ARE:
• INFANTS
• ELDERLY
• ALL CLASSES
• ALL ETHICITY
• ALL BACKGROUND
Radiologic Technologist
•Must be able to
COMMUNICATE
EFFECTIVELY with
•PATIENTS, STAFF &
PEERS
•Must use GOOD
JUDGEMENT & CRITICAL
THINKING SKILLS
FIG. 4–2 Radiologic science professionals must use advanced critical thinking skills when handling all patient care situations.
Elsevier items and derived items © 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Critical Thinking
• Involves sound, professional
judgement
• Applied with high ethical
standard
• And integrity
Critical Thinking
•
•
•
•
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Critique
•
•
•
•
Achieved through
Role Playing
Lab experiments
Case Studies
Patient Communication
• Interacting with the patient
• Interacting with family and friends
• Methods of Effective Communication
• Age as a factor in Patient Interactions
Communication & Adapting
to Special Condition Patients
•
•
•
•
•
•
Traumatized Patients
Visually Impaired Patients
Speech and Hearing Impaired Patients
Non-English Speaking Patients
Mentally Impaired Patients
Substance Abusers
Education in the Radiologic
Sciences
DIDACTIC – Curriculum
 Specifically
describes the objectives
 What the students will learn …..
 Instructional Activities – LECTURE
CLINICAL - Hospital
 See and do ….
Types of
Diagnostic Exams
CHEST
EXTREMITIES
SKULL / FACIAL
SPINE
GASTROINTESTINAL
INTERVENTIONAL
RADIOGRAPHY
LEARNING
COGNITIVE – thought /
knowledge
PSYCHOMOTOR – physical
actions
AFFECTIVE – guided by
feelings
RT Programs
Didactic and Clinical Education
FIG. 5–1 The articulation of didactic, laboratory, and clinical instruction.
(From Ford C, ed: Clinical education for the allied health professions, St Louis, 1978, Mosby.)
Some studies
of spinal
trauma have
recorded a
missed injury
rate as high
as 33%.
Open fracture
communited
ELDERLY
INFANTS &
CHILDREN
SURGERY
Fluoroscopy
TECHNOLOGIST
• FLUOROSCOPY
• Dawn Charman RT
(R), (F)
• CONTRAST
MEDIA (X-RAY
DYE)
ARRT Standards
Accrediting Agencies
Joint Review Committee on Educational
Programs in Nuclear Medicine Technology
(JRCNMT)
Committee on Accreditation of Allied Health
Education Programs (CAAHEP) in collaboration
with the Joint Review Committee on Education
in Diagnostic Medical Sonography (JRC-DMS)
Regional Institutional Accrediting Agencies
(degree-granting divisions) WSAC
Conjoint Accreditation Services of the Canadian
Medical Association
Australian Institute of Radiography
Accrediting Agencies
SCHOOLS/PROGRAMS
Joint Review Committee on Education in
Radiologic Technology (JRCERT)
HOSPITAL ACCREDITATION –
JCAHO
Joint Commission on Accreditation of
Healthcare (Hospital) Organizations
“Alphabet Soup”
NATIONAL & STATE LICENSES
ARRT = (R.T.)
American Registry of Radiologic Technology
R.T. – Certification in Radiologic Technology
CRT – Certified Radiologic Technology State of
California, Dept of Health - Radiation Health Branch
–
Licensing to practice in California
C.R.T. (R) (F) (M)
Radiography, Fluoroscopy, Mammography
5 Primary Exams
Radiography (R)
Nuclear Medicine Technology (NM)
Radiation Therapy (T)
Sonography (US) (RDMS)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR)
candidates must have successfully completed a formal educational
program in the respective discipline that is accredited by a mechanism
.
acceptable to ARRT
Post Primary
CardiovascularInterventional
Radiography (Note: No
longer available for new
candidates)
Mammography
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (Note: Both a
primary and post-primary
track)
Quality Management
Sonography (Note: Both
a primary and postprimary track)
Bone Densitometry
Vascular Sonography
Cardiac-Interventional
Radiography
Vascular-Interventional
Radiography
Breast Sonography
Registered Radiologist
Assistant
“Alphabet Soup”
KNOW THESE!
J.R.C.E.R.T Joint Review Committee on Education in
Radiologic Technology
J.C.A.H.O –
Joint Commission of Accreditation of
Healthcare Organizations
A.R.R.TAmerican Registry of Radiologic Technologists
Beyond Diagnostic
Radiography
Advanced Modalities
ADVANCED SKILL LEVELS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CAT SCAN (CT)
MRI (MR)
ANGIOGRAPHY (CIT) (CV)
RADIATION THERAPY (T)
MAMMOGRAPHY (M)
Bone Densitometry (BD)
ULTRASOUND (RDMS)
NUCLEAR MEDICINE(NM)
– PET
– SPECT
• MANAGEMENT (BS)
• EDUCATION (BS,MEd, PhD EDD)
MAMMOGRAPHY
Dawn Charman, RT (M)
RADIOGRAPHIC
IMAGING OF THE
BREAST
Dx for breast cancer
Bone Densitometry
“low dose
Radiation”
BONE DENSITOMETRY
• JOE RUIZ, RT (R) (BD)
• POST PRIMARY EXAM BEGAN IN JANUARY
2001
• ??? May also have certification w/o RT ????
• MEASURING MINERAL CONTENT AND
DENSITY OF BONES
FIG. 1–7 A nuclear medicine technologist performs procedures requiring the use of radioactive substances.
(Courtesy of Philips Medical Systems.)
CAT SCAN & MRI
Computed Tomography
• Kelly Clark, RT (R)
(CT)
• 1995 began post
primary exam
CT SCANNER
• USES
• RADIATION – AND A
COMPUTER
• TO RECONSTRUCT
• IMAGES
• 3-D
FIG. 1–9 A computed tomographic technologist uses a computerized x-ray system to produce sectional anatomic images of the body.
(Courtesy of Philips Medical Systems.)
C T SCANNER
Electron BeamTomography
EBT
WHOLE
BODY
SCANNER
Risk factor
• HIGH DOSES ?
• WHAT YOU DON’T
• KNOW …….
• ‘FALSE POSITIVE’S”
• NOW THAT YOU KNOW – WHAT ARE
YOU GOING TO DO ABOUT IT? =
Radiation Dose
• EBT scans expose
the patient to about
1/5th the radiation of
a multi-slice CT
scanner.
• OR so they tell you..
• $$$$$$$$
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• RT (R) (MRI) or
• RT (T) (MRI) or (N)
(MRI)
• 1995 ARRT began
post primary
exams
MRI SIGNAL PRODUCTION
• Images are crated
by interaction of
Magnet field,
radio waves with
tissue
• Atoms – Nucleus
– Electrons
MRI SAFETY
USE NON
MAGNETIC
MATERIALS
CAN CAUSE
HARM TO
PATIENT &
PERSONELL
1 REPORTED DEATH FROM O2 TANK & 6YO PATIENT
MRI
• NOT IONIZING RADIATION
• USES MAGENTIC RESONANCE
• (RADIO WAVES)
• Jane Schultz, R.T. (MR)
RADIOGRAPHY VS MRI
BONE vs Soft Tissue
PET Scan & SPECT Scan
• PET = Positron Emission
Tomography
• Single Photon Emission
Computed Tomography
• X-rays/MRI with Radioisotopes
• PET Scan showing diffuse spread of prostate
cancer to bone. PET has the advantage over
traditional bone scanning in its ability to
differentiate active from dormant disease.
ANGIOGRAPHY/
CARDIOVASCULAR
INTERVENTIONAL
TECHNOLOGY
is a specialized radiographic examination where the images of
the blood vessels of the body are demonstrated by injection of
contrast media.
CARDIAC-INTERVENTIONAL
RADIOGRAPHY
• Mike Smith, RT
(R) (CI)
• POST PRIMARY
EXAM BEGAN IN
JANUARY 2003
INTERVENTIONAL
RADIOGRAPHY
• ANGIOGRAPHY
• CARDIAC CATH
• + MANY OTHERS
• RT (CV) (CIT) (CVIT)
ANGIOGRAPHY is a specialized radiographic
examination where the images of the blood
vessels of the body are demonstrated by injection
of contrast media
Cardiovascular Interventional
Radiography
• Jane Smith, RT (R)
(CVI)
• Angiography
• 1991 began post
primary exam for
CVIT Radiographers
Angiography
VASCULAR-INTERVENTIONAL
RADIOGRAPHY
• JOE CAR, RT (R) (VI)
• POST PRIMARY
EXAM BEGAN IN
JANUARY 2003
NUCLEAR
MEDICINE
use radioactive
isotopes to make
images
Nuclear Medicine
• RT (NM)
• ARRT or NMTCB
NM – Images collected after
injections of a RADIOISOTOPE
The tracer travels into the blood
vessels until it arrives to the
bone
PET Scan & SPECT Scan
• PET = Positron Emission
Tomography
• Single Photon Emission
Computed Tomography
Prostate cancer metastasized
in bones
PET NUCLEAR MED + CT
or MRI- co-registration
RADIATION
THERAPY
R.T.(T)
•
•
•
•
2 YRS ADDITIONAL EDUCATION
CITY OF HOPE
LLU
CAL STATE LONG BEACH
• The branch of Radiology that involves the
treatment of disease by means of high energy
x-rays or radioactive substances
RADIATION THERAPY
• branch of Radiology
that involves the
treatment of disease
by means of high
energy x-rays
(GAMMA) or
radioactive
substances
Radiation Therapy
• RT (T) = Registered technologist
in radiation therapy technology
• Medical dosemetrists are involved
in treatment planning and dose
calculations
• 1-4 year program
ULTRASOUND
uses a technique similar to Navy SONAR to produce diagnostic images.
ULTRASOUND
Cypress College
Orange Coast
LLU
1 – 2 years
Diagnostic Medical Sonographers
• RT (R) (S) or RT (S)
or (RDMS)
• American Registry of
Diagnostic Medical
Sonographers
• ARRT in 1999 began
post primary exam
• ARRT in 2005 began
primary exam
Ultrsound beam is transmitted
and reflected –
as special crystal at the end of
the transducer can
determine the type of tissue
Determines depth
Uses SOUND WAVES (NOT X-RAYS)
“real time” images
ULTRASOUND
uses a technique similar to
Navy SONAR to produce
diagnostic images.
2D vs. 3D/4D
U/S & the “real thing”
Breast Sonography
• Post Primary Exam
• Valuable for
Technologists that
specialize in
Mammography
VASCULAR ULTRASOUND
New - RA
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Radiology Assistant (Like PA)
Weber State (On line – Utah)
LLU
3 others in US (2007 – more)
$$$$ NEW GRADS = 100 K/YEAR (?)
PART OF RADIOLOGIST GROUP
As of 2007 – NOT APPROVED BY STATE
to Work as RA in California
Additional Opportunities
Education
Administration
Management (QM)
Commercial
Radiologist
Assistant = RA
RADIOLOGY ASSISTANT RA
• LLU
• 2 YRS RT
• BA DEGREE
• WEBER STATE
• 6YR RT
OTHER PATHWAYS
• SALES
• APPLICATIONS SPECIALIST
• INDUSTRIAL X-RAY
• MANAGEMENT (DEGREE)
• EDUCATON
TRAVELING TECHNOLOGIST =
SEE THE WORLD AND GET $$$
Other working opportunities…
► Registry
(local)
► Registry
(out of
state)
►X
rays taken around
the world !!
Variety of Work Settings
• physicians offices,
•
• clinical outpatient facilities,
• free standing imaging centers,
• mobile imaging centers
• portable services to rehabs
• Mammo’s to under privileged
areas
• Urgent care
SALARY RANGES RT’s
• NEW R.T. = $ 25 -$38 PER HOUR
• ON-CALL + O.T. $45,000 – $60,000 YR
• ADVANCE SPECIALTIES
• $ 30 - $50 PER HOUR
• A GREAT SHORTAGE IN ALL HEALTH CARE
– A GREAT NEED TO AQUIRE NEW
TECHNOLOGIST TO THIS AREA
Professional Organizations
• ASRT – American Society of Radiologic
Technologis
• CSRT – California Society
Society of Radiologic Technologists
• RTEC – Radiologic Technology Educators of
California
• International Societies, other state societies,
other modalities