Download Radiation Therapy - El Camino College

RAD TECH A WEEK 2
CAREER’S IN
RADIOLOGY
RADIOGRAPHIC
EQUIPMENT
Spring 2009
HISTORY REVIEW
• WHO
• WHAT
• WHEN
• The discovery of X rays by the German physicist
Wilhelm Roentgen in 1895 was an international
sensation.
• Working with vacuum tubes, he bombarded a metal
plate with high speed electrons.
• He found that invisible rays were produced. These
mysterious new rays could go through skin and
flesh and give a picture of a person's bones.
Collaborative Events

Crookes tube
 Air evacuated glass tube
 Cathode side
 Anode side
 Electrical supply
 Screen or board painted with barium
platinocyanide
 Low light work area
X-rays – the Basic Radiological Tool
Roentgen’s experimental apparatus (Crookes
tube) that led to the discovery of the new
radiation on 8 Nov. 1895 – he demonstrated
that the radiation was not due to charged
particles, but due to an as yet unknown
source, hence “x” radiation or “x-rays”
Known as “the radiograph of
Bertha Roentgen’s hand” taken
22 Dec. 1895
Hand images
Today !
“Willie Roentgen”
• Honored in 1901
with the first
Nobel prize in
physics for his
efforts.
X-ray production begins
at the atomic level
Energy (photons) are released when
the electron collides with another electron,
the change in e of the shells –produces photons
More on this
in week 4 !
CAREERS IN RADIOLOGIC
TECHNOLOGY
• RADIOLOGIC
TECHNOLOGIST
– RADIOGRAPHER
– X-RAY
TECHNOLOGIST
• TECHNICIAN
• RADIOLOGIST
Objectives
• Define the Radiology
Team
• Illustrate Careers in
and around Radiology
• Identify work
environments for
Imaging
Technologists
What does a Radiologic
Technologist do?
Radiologic Technologist






Help others
Work with people
Make a difference
Think critically
Demonstrate creativity
Achieve results
Radiologic Technologist
•Must be able to
COMMUNICATE
EFFECTIVELY with
•PATIENTS, STAFF &
PEERS
•Must use GOOD
JUDGEMENT & CRITICAL
THINKING SKILLS
FIG. 4–2 Radiologic science professionals must use advanced critical thinking skills when handling all patient care situations.
Elsevier items and derived items © 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Practices
RADIATION
SAFETY
TO SELF
& OTHERS
Early years in Radiologic
Technology
• Nurses or nurses aides taught how to
“take an x-ray”
• NO special education
• Only “ON THE JOB” training
• Experience the best teacher
• The first Technologist is credited to be
EDWARD C. JERMAN.
NATIONAL LICENSURE
ARRT
arrt.org
• 275,000 Registered RT (R)
• 2007: 15,285 exams
– 89% Radiography
– 3.6 % Nuclear Med
– 7.1 Radiation Therapy
Consumer Assurance of
Radiologic Excellence
The (CARE) bill
• would ensure that patients undergoing all
types of radiologic procedures
• have the same assurance of quality as
those receiving mammograms
• under the provisions of the Mammography
Quality Standards Act.
CARE BILL
• Consistency, Accuracy, Responsibility, and
Excellence...
ARRT Among Supporters Seeking To
Ensure Patient Safety Through
Adoption of CARE Bill
• ASRT – American Society of Radiologic
Technologist ASRT.org
As of Sept 2001- 16 states have no licensure laws
Diagnostic Radiologic
Technologist
Aka: Radiographer
Not a “Technician”
Types of
Diagnostic Exams
•
•
•
•
•
CHEST
EXTREMITIES
SKULL / FACIAL
SPINE
GASTROINTESTINAL
Trauma
Mobile
“TRAUMA”
ALL PATIENTS
ELDERLY
INFANTS &
CHILDREN
UNIQUE, UNUSAL,
INTERESTING, ETC
SURGERY
TECHNOLOGIST
• FLUOROSCOPY
• CONTRAST
MEDIA (X-RAY
DYE)
• KELLY HOLT,
ARRT R.T. (R)
FLUOROSCOPYXRAYS IN
MOTION
Fluoroscopy
Gastrointestinal Exams
ARRT Exams
Primary Examinations
• Five “Primary Exams”
offered by the ARRT
5 Primary Exams
•
•
•
•
•
Radiography (R)
Nuclear Medicine Technology (NM)
Radiation Therapy (T)
Sonography (US) (RDMS)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR)
•
candidates must have successfully completed a formal educational
program in the respective discipline that is accredited by a mechanism
.
acceptable to ARRT
Beyond Diagnostic
Radiography
Advanced Modalities
POST – PRIMARY EXAMS
(TAKEN AFTER COMPLETIONS OF ARRT – RT License)
 (M)
Mammography
 (CT) Computed Tomography
 (MRI) Magnetic Resonance Imaging
 (QM) Quality Management
 (US) Sonography
Vascular Sonography

Breast Sonography
 (BD) Bone Densitometry
 (CV) Cardiac-Interventional Radiography
 (CIV) Vascular-Interventional Radiography
Advanced Practice
 (R.R.A)

Registered Radiologist Assistant
Imaging Informatics Certification Program

Merging IT and Medical technology
 PET
 MANAGEMENT
(BS or BA)
 EDUCATION (BS,MEd, PhD EDD)
Another way to categorize
medical imaging
Ionizing
 Diagnostic
 Fluoroscopy
 Special Procedures:
 Interventional
 Angiography
 Cardiac Cath
 CT
 Mammography
 Bone Densitometry
 Nuclear Medicine
 Radiation Therapy
Non Ionizing

Ultrasound
Sonography

MRI
HEALTH CARE TEAM

MEDICAL CENTER

RADIOLOGY

RADIOLOGIST

TECHNOLOGIST VS
TECHNICIAN

RADIATION
RADIATION
 ENERGY
 IONIZATION-
adding or removing
an electron
 IONIZING
RADIATION
 NON-IONIZING
RADIATION
What is Ionization?
When an electron is added or
removed from the atom- it is
ionized
Another way to categorize
medical imaging
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Ionizing
Diagnostic
Fluoroscopy
Special Procedures:
Interventional
Angiography
Cardiac Cath
CT
Mammography
Bone Densitometry
Nuclear Medicine
Radiation Therapy
Non Ionizing
•
Ultrasound
Sonography
•
MRI
MAMMOGRAPHY
Colleen McFaul, RT (R) (M)
RADIOGRAPHIC
IMAGING OF THE
BREAST
Dx for breast cancer
Mammography
• RT (R) (M)
• 1992 began post
primary exam for
mammographers
• Uses Ionizing
Radiation
Bone Densitometry
“low dose
Ionizing
Radiation”
BONE DENSITOMETRY
• JOE RUIZ, RT (R) (BD)
• POST PRIMARY EXAM BEGAN IN JANUARY
2001
• May also have certification w/o RT
• MEASURING MINERAL CONTENT AND
DENSITY OF BONES
Bone densitometry
CT SCAN & MRI
Computed Tomography
• Kelly Clark, RT (R)
(CT)
• 1995 began post
primary exam
CT SCANNER
• USES
• Ionizing RADIATION
– AND A
COMPUTER
• TO
RECONSTRUCT
• IMAGES
• 3-D
FIG. 1–9 A computed tomographic technologist uses a computerized x-ray system to produce sectional anatomic images of the body.
(Courtesy of Philips Medical Systems.)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• RT (R) (MRI) or
• RT (MRI)
• 1995 ARRT began
post primary
exams
MRI SIGNAL PRODUCTION
• Images are crated
by interaction of
Magnet field,
radio waves with
tissue
• Atoms – Nucleus
– Electrons
• Non Ionizing
Radiation
MRI EXAMS
• MRI is growing as an
alternative to
traditional x-ray
mammography.
RADIOGRAPHY VS MRI
BONE vs Soft Tissue
NUCLEAR
MEDICINE
use radioactive
isotopes to make
images
Nuclear Medicine
• RT (NM)
• ARRT or NMTCB
scans use radioactive
isotopes to make
images
NM – Images collected after
injections of a RADIOISOTOPE
PET Scan & SPECT Scan
• PET = Positron Emission
Tomography
• Single Photon Emission
Computed Tomography
• CT (x-rays) or MRI with
Radioisotopes
ANGIOGRAPHY/
CARDIOVASCULAR
INTERVENTIONAL
TECHNOLOGY
is a specialized radiographic examination
where the images of the blood vessels of
the body are demonstrated by injection
of contrast media.
Cardiovascular Interventional
Radiography
• Jane Smith, RT (R)
(CVI)
• Angiography
• RT (CV) (CIT) (CVIT)
• 1991 began post
primary exam for
CVIT Radiographers
INTERVENTIONAL
RADIOGRAPHY
• Uses
• Fluoroscopy
• Ionizing
Radiation
ANGIOGRAPHY is a specialized radiographic
examination where the images of the blood
vessels of the body are demonstrated by injection
of contrast media
RADIATION
THERAPY
R.T.(T)
•
•
•
•
1 - 4 YRS ADDITIONAL EDUCATION
CITY OF HOPE
LLU
CAL STATE LONG BEACH
• The branch of Radiology that involves the
treatment of disease by means of high energy
x-rays or radioactive substances
Radiation Therapy
• RT (T) = Registered technologist
in radiation therapy technology
• Medical dosemetrists are involved
in treatment planning and dose
calculations
• 1-4 year program
ULTRASOUND
uses a technique similar to Navy SONAR to produce diagnostic images.
ULTRASOUND
Cypress College
Orange Coast
LLU
1 – 2 years
FIG. 1–10 A diagnostic medical sonographer uses high-frequency sound waves to create images.
(Courtesy of Philips Medical Systems.)
Diagnostic Medical Sonographers
• RT (R) (S) or RT (S)
or (RDMS)
• American Registry of
Diagnostic Medical
Sonographers
• ARRT in 1999 began
post primary exam
• ARRT in 2005 began
primary exam
Uses SOUND WAVES (NOT X-RAYS)
“real time” images
U/S & the “real thing”
Breast Sonography
• Post Primary Exam
• Valuable for
Technologists that
specialize in
Mammography
VASCULAR ULTRASOUND
Additional Opportunities
•
•
•
•
•
Education
Administration
Management (QM)
Commercial
Radiologist
Assistant = RRA
New - RRA
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Radiology Assistant (Like PA)
Weber State (On line – Utah)
LLU
3 others in US (2007 – more)
$$$$ NEW GRADS = 100 K/YEAR (?)
PART OF RADIOLOGIST GROUP
As of 2007 – NOT APPROVED BY STATE
to Work as RA in California
RADIOLOGY ASSISTANT RA
• LLU
• 2 YRS RT
• BA DEGREE
• WEBER STATE
• 6YR RT
OTHER PATHWAYS
• SALES
• APPLICATIONS SPECIALIST
• INDUSTRIAL X-RAY
• MANAGEMENT (DEGREE)
• EDUCATON
Work Opportunities
•
•
•
•
•
Hospital
Imaging Center
Doctor’s Office
Mobile Trailer
Research
Variety of Work Settings
•
•
•
•
•
•
physicians offices,
clinical outpatient facilities,
free standing imaging centers,
mobile imaging centers
portable services to rehabs
Mammo’s to under privileged
areas
• Urgent care
Other working opportunities…
• Registry (local)
• Registry (out of
state)
• X rays taken
around the world !!
TRAVELING TECHNOLOGIST =
SEE THE WORLD AND GET $$$
NEED – JOB SECURTIY
• PEOPLE ARE GETTING OLDER –
LIVING LONGER
• TECHNOLOGIST ALSO GETTING
OLDER
• NEED NEW, YOUNG PEOPLE TO TAKE
OVER THE JOBS & TAKE CARE OF THE
SICK AND ELDERLY
REVIEW: PRIMARY
EXAMINATIONS ?
• RADIOGRAPHY
• NUCLEAR MEDICINE
TECHNOLOGY
• RADIATION THERAPY
• SONOGRAPHY (7/05)
• MAGNETIC RESONANCE (2006)
Review
• Radiology
Team
• Patient Care
Careers
• Other Careers
Opportunities
• Work Settings
HISTORY REVIEW
• WHO
• WHAT
• SERIES OF EVENTS
• WHEN
QUESTIONS?