Download EL CAMINO COLLEGE RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM

CAREERS IN RADIOLOGIC
TECHNOLOGY (FINAL)
• RADIOLOGIC
TECHNOLOGIST
– RADIOGRAPHER
– X-RAY
TECHNOLOGIST
• “ TECHNICIAN”
– Limited License
• RADIOLOGIST
– Medical doctor
1
What does a
Radiologic
Technologist
do?
2
A “Radiologic Technologist”
(or Radiographer)
•
Medical Professional
– In a challenging field
•
Safely uses x-rays to image anatomy
– Positions
– Using sophisticated technology
– Practices radiation protection
• Provides quality-diagnostic images
– Assists DR
– Communicates with patient
– Practices patient privacy
3
Registered Technologist
R.T.
• Dawn Charman, M.Ed., RT (R)(M), CRT(R)(F)
• Kelly Clark, M.S.R.T. RT (R)(CT), CRT(R)(F)
• Mina Colunga, B.S.R.T. RT (R), CRT(R)(F)
ARRT – R.T.
State of California– C.R.T.
4
Radiologic Technologist
• ECC program is for an entry level into the profession
• Radiation Therapy and Nuclear Medicine would
require additional education
Certification/licenses
• ARRT- American Registry of Radiologic
Technologies
– Provides national certification
• CRT-- California Registered Technologist
– After completing ARRT exam you pay a fee and get your
California license to practice
– A separate test is taken for fluoroscopy
5
Certification vs. License
• ARRT
– National certification
• R.T.
– Must take an exam
• Pass with 75%
– Can take this after
completing program
• CRT
– State Licensing
– Must pass ARRT
exam to get this
– Pay fee to get
radiography license
(R)
– Take fluoroscopy
exam and pay a fee
for (F) license
6
EXAMS
•
•
•
•
•
•
All types of
&
PEOPLE
Head to toes
Trauma
Special procedures
Critical patients
Walk ins
Surgery
•
•
•
•
•
Infants
Elderly
All classes
All ethnicity
All backgrounds
7
Radiologic Technologist
•Must be able to
communicate effectively with:
•Patients, staff, & peers
•Must use:
•good judgment
•Critical thinking skills
FIG. 4–2 Radiologic science professionals must use advanced critical thinking skills when handling all patient care situations. 8
Elsevier items and derived items © 2007, 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Critical Thinking
• Involves sound, professional
judgment
• Applied with high ethical
standard
• And integrity
9
Critical Thinking
•
•
•
•
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
Critique
• Achieved through
– Role Playing
– Lab experiments
– Case Studies
10
Patient Communication
• Interacting with the patient
• Interacting with family and friends
• Methods of Effective Communication
• Age as a factor in Patient Interactions
11
Communication & Adapting
to Special Condition Patients
•
•
•
•
•
•
Traumatized Patients
Visually Impaired Patients
Speech and Hearing Impaired Patients
Non-English Speaking Patients
Mentally Impaired Patients
Substance Abusers
12
Education in the Radiologic
Sciences at ECC
• Didactic Curriculum (lecture)
– Specifically describes the objectives
– What the students will learn
– How they will learn (instructional activities)
• Clinical
– Hospital training
– Apply didactic principals to clinical setting
13
RT Programs
Didactic and Clinical Education
FIG. 5–1 The articulation of didactic, laboratory, and clinical instruction.
(From Ford C, ed: Clinical education for the allied health professions, St Louis, 1978, Mosby.)
14
Types of
Diagnostic Exams
•
•
•
•
•
•
Chest
Extremities
Skull/ Facial
Spine
Gastrointestinal
Interventional
15
LEARNING
• COGNITIVE –
– thought / knowledge
• PSYCHOMOTOR –
– physical actions
• AFFECTIVE –
– guided by feelings
16
Some studies
of spinal
trauma have
recorded a
missed injury
rate as high
as 33%.
17
Comminuted
Open
18
ELDERLY
19
INFANTS &
CHILDREN
20
SURGERY
21
Fluoroscopy
22
TECHNOLOGIST
• FLUOROSCOPY
• Dawn Charman RT
(R), (F)
• CONTRAST
MEDIA (X-RAY
DYE)
23
24
25
ARRT Standards
Accrediting Agencies
• Joint Review Committee on Educational
Programs in Nuclear Medicine Technology
(JRCNMT)
• Committee on Accreditation of Allied Health
Education Programs (CAAHEP) in collaboration
with the Joint Review Committee on Education
in Diagnostic Medical Sonography (JRC-DMS)
• Regional Institutional Accrediting Agencies
(degree-granting divisions) WSAC
• Conjoint Accreditation Services of the Canadian
Medical Association
• Australian Institute of Radiography
26
Accrediting Agencies
• SCHOOLS/PROGRAMS
• JRCERT: Joint Review Committee on
Education in Radiologic Technology
• HOSPITAL ACCREDITATION
• JCAHO :Joint Commission on
Accreditation of Healthcare (Hospital)
Organizations
27
“Alphabet Soup”
NATIONAL & STATE LICENSES
ARRT = (R.T.)
American Registry of Radiologic Technology
R.T. – Certification in Radiologic Technology
CRT – Certified Radiologic Technology
State of California, Dept of Health - Radiation Health
Branch
–
Licensing to practice in California
C.R.T. (R) (F) (M)
Radiography, Fluoroscopy, Mammography
28
5 Primary Exams
• Radiography (R)
• Nuclear Medicine Technology (NM)
• Radiation Therapy (T)
• Sonography (US) (RDMS)
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR)
29
Post Primary
• CardiovascularInterventional Radiography
(CVIT)
– Note: No longer available for
new candidates
• Mammography (M)
• Computed Tomography(CT)
• Magnetic Resonance
Imaging (MR) or (MRI)
– Note: Both a primary and postprimary track
• Quality Management (QM)
• Sonography (US) or (RDMS)
– Note: Both a primary and postprimary track
• Bone Densitometry (BD)
• Vascular Sonography
•
• Cardiac-Interventional
Radiography (CI)
• Vascular-Interventional
Radiography (VI)
• Breast Sonography
• Registered Radiologist
Assistant (RA)
30
“Alphabet Soup”
KNOW THESE!
J.R.C.E.R.T Joint Review Committee on Education in
Radiologic Technology
J.C.A.H.O –
Joint Commission of Accreditation of
Healthcare Organizations
A.R.R.TAmerican Registry of Radiologic Technologists
31
Beyond Diagnostic
Radiography
Advanced Modalities
ADVANCED SKILL LEVELS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CAT SCAN (CT)
MRI (MR)
ANGIOGRAPHY (CIT) (CV)
RADIATION THERAPY (T)
MAMMOGRAPHY (M)
Bone Densitometry (BD)
ULTRASOUND (RDMS)
NUCLEAR MEDICINE(NM)
– PET
– SPECT
• MANAGEMENT (BS)
• EDUCATION (BS,MEd, PhD EDD)
33
MAMMOGRAPHY
Dawn Charman, RT (M)
RADIOGRAPHIC
IMAGING OF THE
BREAST
Diagnostic for breast cancer
35
Bone Densitometry
“low dose
Radiation”
36
BONE DENSITOMETRY
• JOE RUIZ, RT (R) (BD)
• POST PRIMARY EXAM BEGAN IN JANUARY
2001
• ??? May also have certification w/o RT ????
• MEASURING MINERAL CONTENT AND
DENSITY OF BONES
37
FIG. 1–7 A nuclear medicine technologist performs procedures requiring the use of radioactive substances.
(Courtesy of Philips Medical Systems.)
38
CAT SCAN & MRI
39
Computed Tomography
• Kelly Clark, RT (R)
(CT)
• 1995 began post
primary exam
40
CT SCANNER
• USES
• RADIATION – AND A
COMPUTER
• TO RECONSTRUCT
• IMAGES
• 3-D
FIG. 1–9 A computed tomographic technologist uses a computerized x-ray system to produce sectional anatomic images of 41
the body.
(Courtesy of Philips Medical Systems.)
C T SCANNER
42
43
Electron Beam Tomography
EBT
WHOLE
BODY
SCANNER
Risk factor
• HIGH DOSES ?
• WHAT YOU DON’T
• KNOW …….
• ‘FALSE POSITIVE’S”
• NOW THAT YOU KNOW – WHAT ARE
YOU GOING TO DO ABOUT IT? =
45
Radiation Dose
• EBT scans expose
the patient to about
1/5th the radiation of
a multi-slice CT
scanner.
• OR so they tell you..
• $$$$$$$$
46
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• RT (R) (MRI) or
• RT (T) (MRI) or (N)
(MRI)
• 1995 ARRT began
post primary
exams
47
MRI SIGNAL PRODUCTION
• Images are crated
by interaction of
Magnet field,
radio waves with
tissue
• Atoms – Nucleus
– Electrons
48
49
MRI SAFETY
USE NON
MAGNETIC
MATERIALS
CAN CAUSE
HARM TO
PATIENT &
PERSONELL
1 REPORTED DEATH FROM O2 TANK & 6YO PATIENT
50
MRI
• NOT IONIZING RADIATION
• USES MAGENTIC RESONANCE
• (RADIO WAVES)
• Jane Schultz, R.T. (MR)
51
52
53
54
RADIOGRAPHY VS MRI
BONE vs. Soft Tissue
55
PET Scan & SPECT Scan
• PET = Positron Emission
Tomography
• Single Photon Emission
Computed Tomography
• X-rays/MRI with Radioisotopes
56
57
58
• PET Scan showing diffuse spread of prostate
cancer to bone. PET has the advantage over
traditional bone scanning in its ability to
differentiate active from dormant disease.
59
60
ANGIOGRAPHY/
CARDIOVASCULAR
INTERVENTIONAL
TECHNOLOGY
is a specialized radiographic examination where the images of
the blood vessels of the body are demonstrated by injection of
contrast media.
CARDIAC-INTERVENTIONAL
RADIOGRAPHY
• Mike Smith, RT
(R) (CI)
• POST PRIMARY
EXAM BEGAN IN
JANUARY 2003
62
INTERVENTIONAL
RADIOGRAPHY
• ANGIOGRAPHY
• CARDIAC CATH
• + MANY OTHERS
• RT (CV) (CIT) (CVIT)
63
ANGIOGRAPHY is a specialized radiographic
examination where the images of the blood
vessels of the body are demonstrated by injection
of contrast media
64
Cardiovascular Interventional
Radiography
• Jane Smith, RT (R)
(CVI)
• Angiography
• 1991 began post
primary exam for
CVIT Radiographers
65
66
Angiography of Heart vessels
• http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://w
ww.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/images/stent_resten
osis.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/healt
h/dci/Diseases/stents/stents_all.html&usg=__xDl
bsaX9JhuYbpVojLcz19aprI=&h=513&w=450&sz=59&hl=en&start=20&tbnid
=vWwqaG-RNW7MM:&tbnh=131&tbnw=115&prev=/images%3Fq%
3Dabdominal%2Bstents%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3
Den
67
Angiography
68
VASCULAR-INTERVENTIONAL
RADIOGRAPHY
• JOE CAR, RT (R) (VI)
• POST PRIMARY
EXAM BEGAN IN
JANUARY 2003
69
70
71
71
NUCLEAR
MEDICINE
use radioactive
isotopes to make
images
72
Nuclear Medicine
• RT (NM)
• ARRT or NMTCB
73
NM – Images collected after
injections of a RADIOISOTOPE
74
The tracer travels into the blood
vessels until it arrives to the
bone
75
PET Scan & SPECT Scan
• PET = Positron Emission
Tomography
• Single Photon Emission
Computed Tomography
76
77
Prostate cancer metastasized
in bones
78
PET NUCLEAR MED + CT
or MRI- co-registration
79
80
81
82
RADIATION
THERAPY
R.T.(T)
•
•
•
•
2 YRS ADDITIONAL EDUCATION
CITY OF HOPE
LLU
CAL STATE LONG BEACH
• The branch of Radiology that involves the
treatment of disease by means of high energy
x-rays or radioactive substances
83
84
85
RADIATION THERAPY
• branch of Radiology
that involves the
treatment of disease
by means of high
energy x-rays
(GAMMA) or
radioactive
substances
86
Radiation Therapy
• RT (T) = Registered technologist
in radiation therapy technology
• Medical dosimetrists are involved
in treatment planning and dose
calculations
• 1-4 year program
87
88
ULTRASOUND
uses a technique similar to Navy SONAR to produce diagnostic images.
89
ULTRASOUND
Cypress College
Orange Coast
LLU
1 – 2 years
90
Diagnostic Medical Sonographers
• RT (R) (S) or RT (S)
or (RDMS)
• American Registry of
Diagnostic Medical
Sonographers
• ARRT in 1999 began
post primary exam
• ARRT in 2005 began
primary exam
91
Ultrasound beam is transmitted
and reflected –
as special crystal at the end of
the transducer can
determine the type of tissue
Determines depth
92
Uses SOUND WAVES (NOT X-RAYS)
“real time” images
93
ULTRASOUND
uses a technique similar to
Navy SONAR to produce
diagnostic images.
94
19 Week fetus
• http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://e
mbryology.med.unsw.edu.au/movies/usound/19
weeklabel2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://embryology.me
d.unsw.edu.au/movies/usound/Hum19w4D.htm&
usg=__EfDiZ2qdLFEQ_ZGPy9YS628QyPI=&h=
379&w=358&sz=11&hl=en&start=71&tbnid=QqS
TbyckVIjYM:&tbnh=123&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq
%3Dfetal%2Bultrasound%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp
%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D
60
95
96
97
98
2D vs. 3D/4D
99
U/S & the “real thing”
100
Breast Sonography
• Post Primary Exam
• Valuable for
Technologists that
specialize in
Mammography
101
VASCULAR ULTRASOUND
102
New - RA
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Radiology Assistant (Like PA)
Weber State (On line – Utah)
LLU
3 others in US (2007 – more)
$$$$ NEW GRADS = 100 K/YEAR (?)
PART OF RADIOLOGIST GROUP
As of 2007 – NOT APPROVED BY STATE
to Work as RA in California
103
Additional Opportunities
•
•
•
•
•
Education
Administration
Management (QM)
Commercial
Radiologist
Assistant = RA
104
RADIOLOGY ASSISTANT RA
• LLU
• 2 YRS RT
• BA DEGREE
• WEBER STATE
• 6YR RT
105
OTHER PATHWAYS
• SALES
• APPLICATIONS SPECIALIST
• INDUSTRIAL X-RAY
• MANAGEMENT (DEGREE)
• EDUCATON
106
TRAVELING TECHNOLOGIST =
SEE THE WORLD AND GET $$$
107
Other working opportunities…
• Registry (local)
• Registry (out of
state)
• X rays taken
around the world !!
108
Variety of Work Settings
• physicians offices,
•
• clinical outpatient facilities,
• free standing imaging centers,
• mobile imaging centers
• portable services to rehabs
• Mammo’s to under privileged
areas
• Urgent care
109
SALARY RANGES RT’s
• NEW R.T. = $ 25 -$38 PER HOUR
• ON-CALL + O.T. $45,000 – $60,000 YR
• ADVANCE SPECIALTIES
• $ 30 - $50 PER HOUR
• A GREAT SHORTAGE IN ALL HEALTH CARE
– A GREAT NEED TO AQUIRE NEW
TECHNOLOGIST TO THIS AREA
110
Professional Organizations
• ASRT – American Society of Radiologic
Technologist
• CSRT – California Society
Society of Radiologic Technologists
• RTEC – Radiologic Technology Educators of
California
• International Societies, other state societies,
other modalities
111