Download III. DCS Based Power Distribution System

Networking between Server and Client for DCS
based Power Distribution using C#.Net
Programming
(IJSETR)
Yin Yin Winn, Zaw Min Naing, Hla Myo Tun, Su Su Yi Mon

Abstract—The purpose of this research is to monitor
and control the power distribution from 300KVA
AC main transformer to all departments in the
university campus. DCS (Distributed Control
System) provides this control and monitoring for
industrial automation. The DCS is also widely used
for modern power system and it is more popular
than any other control systems in the modern
industrial processes. The research has constructed
hardware and tested to communicate between
client and server. All hardware and software
components have been developed and integrated
together.
In
this
system,
PIC18F4550
microcontroller is used instead of Remote Terminal
Unit (RTU) for power distribution. The
client-server model is used for this system as the
datagram client program and datagram server
program have been created by C#.Net
programming. USB cable is used as a connector
between PIC and PC.
Index Terms—Distributed Controlled System (DCS),
Hardware, Visual Basic Software, Power Distribution.
I. INTRODUCTION
Power distribution DCS is a computer based
production process control and monitoring system. It
uses the data acquisition module to monitor and
control the operation of field devices so as to achieve
data acquisition, device control. The power
distribution DCS system has many advantages, such as
Yin Yin Winn, Department of Electronic, Mandalay
Technological
University,(e-mail:
[email protected]).
Mandalay, Myanmar, +959402606502
Zaw Min Naing, Technological University (Maubin), Maubin,
Yangon,., (e-mail: [email protected]).
Hla Myo Tun, Department of Electronic, Mandalay
Technological University, , .,). Mandalay, Myanmar,
+9595416337, (e-mail: [email protected]
Su Su Yi Mon, Department of Electronic, Mandalay
Technological
University,,
.,).
Mandalay,
Myanmar,
+959402550807, (e-mail: [email protected])
information integrity, efficiency, correct grasp of
system running status, speeding up decision-making,
and can help quickly detect the failure state of the
system. It has become an essential tool for power
dispatching. For power control and monitoring, many
wire and wireless technologies are discussed. These
are GSM, zigbee, SCADA, DCS and Microcontroller.
In [2], [3] and [4], power monitoring module calculates
power consumption for home appliances. Zigbee
communication module is used to send measured data
of current and voltage to server module and store it in
computer. Authors design the GUI by using Visual
Basic (VB) to provide user friendly environment. The
main aim of this paper is to design and construct a low
cost controlling wired system between server and
clients for power distribution in university campus
using microcontroller.
The main aim of this paper is to communicate
between client and server for power distribution by
using C#.Net Programming language. It is a low cost
controlling wired system between server and clients for
power distribution in university campus using
microcontroller. By using DCS, the distribution system
is made more secure, reliable and efficient because it is
widely used for modern power system and more popular
than any other control system.
II. DISTRIBUTED CONTROL SYSTEM (DCS)
DCS refers to a control system that available in
manufacturing system, process or any kind of dynamic
system, in which the controller elements are not central
in location (like the brain) but are distributed
throughout the system with each component sub-system
controlled by one or more controllers. The entire
systems of controllers are connected by networks for
communication and monitoring. DCS is a very broad
term used in a variety of industries, to monitor and
control distributed equipment. DCS is connected to
sensors and actuators to control the flow of materials
through the plant [6]. The architecture of the DCS is
depicted in Fig. 1.
Based on the received information, controlling
operation is performed. If the receiver receives the
parameter which is greater than the fixed threshold
voltage, then server commands to respective client to
cut off power distribution.
Workshop Department
300KVA AC main
Transformer
Voltage Sensing Circuit
Client
Overload Detection Circuit
USB Cable
Line 1
Load
PIC
18F4550
Line 2
Line 3
Relay
Civil Department
Voltage Sensing Circuit
RJ 45
Server
Client
Overload Detection Circuit
RJ 45
ETHERNET
SWITCH
USB Cable
PIC
18F4550
Load
RJ 45
Relay
RJ 45
Mechanical Department
Voltage Sensing Circuit
Client
Fig.1Distributed Control System
Overload Detection Circuit
USB Cable
PIC
18F4550
Relay
III. DCS BASED POWER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
The system architecture of the power distribution
monitoring system can be divided into three portions,
namely system monitoring, communication, and field
device. The overall block diagram of the system is
shown in Fig. 2 and simple block of DCS based power
distribution process is depicted in Fig. 3. In this
system, 300 KVA AC main transformer is used to
distribute electric power to all departments in
university campus. This distribution system can be
accomplished by using Distributed Control System
(DCS). DCS includes master station including server
and clients. In this system, the power threshold will be
predefined between 180 and 230 V by the
microcontroller. These voltage parameters are
recorded at the server computer using a data
acquisition device called Remote Terminal Unit
(RTU) or PIC18F4550 Microcontroller.
Cut off
Relays
AC Input
Server
Rj45
Client
Loads
PIC18F45
50
Sensor
Signal
Conditioning
Circuit
Fig.2 Overall block diagram of the system
PIC will communicate with load to control them. PIC
captures the voltage that is used for loading in each
department. The stored voltage is transmitted using
USB cable from PIC to client. Then server computer
may know the condition of voltage that is distributed
electric power to all departments form the client
computer because the Ethernet switch is communicated
among and clients and server.
Load
Fig.3 Simple block diagram of DCS based power
distribution system
IV. POWER USAGE IN UNIVERSITY CAMPUS
Electric energy enters the university with 11KV
transmission line from the substation which is stepped
down to 400 V by using 300KVA transformer. In this
system, the three-phase, 4-wires transformer is used for
power distribution to all departments in university
campus. This transformer is distributed with the three
lines 1, 2, 3 to all departments in university
campus. To balance the load, the three lines must be
shared equally. In distribution system, it is important to
balance the load. As the load is not a constant one it is
always an unpredictable thing.
If the load is
unbalanced, the fuse that is installed at the outgoing
side of the transformer must be cut off.
The load power is the product of KVA and power
factor (0.85). The lines that are used for all
departments are illustrated in Table1 and load data
sheet of the power consumption for all departments is
shown in Table 1.
Table I
THREE PHASE, FOUR WIRES TRANSFORMER
Lines in Transformer
Usage
Line 1
Sockets
Line 2
Lightings and Fans
Line 3
Aircons
Neutral
Ground
TABLE. II
LOAD DATASHEET OF POWER CONSUMPTION FOR ALL
DEPARTMENTS AT MTU
power
factor
Rated
voltage
Workshop
Mechanical
Civil
Chemical
Mechatronic
Electrical
Power
Other
Departments
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
0.85
400
220
220
220
220
Power
Rating
(KVA)
80.5
26.06
24.02
24.96
23.118
0.85
220
34.74
29.526
0.85
220
68.6
18.474
Total
0.85
220
281.99
8
200
Departments
Power
Consumptio
n (KW)
68.4
22.151
20.415
21.215
19.65
VI. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF POWER
DISTRIBUTION PROCESS
After collecting all design related information which
is necessary for power distribution, the next step is to
construct the perfect and compatible H/W components
to control power distribution.
The development PIC 18F4550 has been used for
programming through USB cable, also the
development PIC 18F4550 microcontroller will be
used as interfacing tool to connect the PIC with the
inputs and outputs signals of process and to connect the
PIC with the PC which contains a GUI through (USB)
cable. The PIC deals with TTL level voltage (0-5)
VDC, the (0) VDC represents logic (0) and the (5)
VDC represents logic (1) to PIC. Thus the input
voltage which has a voltage value more than (6) VDC
that might burn the PIC, hence each input signal to PIC
from computer is rated on (5) VDC using USB cable.
220V
AC
6VAC
D3
D1
D4
D2
Voltage Sensing Circuit
22mF
25V 1N4733A
Step Down
Transformer
220V
AC
D3
D1
D4
D2
22mF
25V
Step Down
Transformer
220V
AC
D3
D1
D4
D2
22mF
25V
Step Down
Transformer
1N4733A
1N4733A
Relays Circuit
Line 1
+12V
1N4148
Relay
10 k
1
SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION
The system, based on Windows platform, performed
successfully in transmitting data between the computer
and the microcontroller. C#.Net programming
language is utilized to link between client and server
computer. The GUI, based on Windows platform,
provides the use of the USB computer port to the
system. Most computers today are developed with
Universal Serial Bus (USB) for connection with
peripheral devices. One of the popular programs to
support the USB communication port of a computer is
the programming provided by GUI. Microsoft’s visual
basic and C#.Net have been the most popular choice
for basic programmers developing window programs.
It can be added the Input and Output to the language in
a dynamic linked library (DLL). A DLL contains code
that any windows program can access, including the
program written in visual basic [7].
V.
USB
4 GND
2
3
PIC 18F4550 with
USB and I/O ports
ACL
Vcc
1 K
32
33 RB0
34 RB1
35 RB2
36 RB3
37 RB4
38 RB5
39 RB6
40 RB7
PIC
16F4550
19 RD1
20 RD2
21 RD3
22 RD4
27
28 RD5
29 RD6
RD7
18 12 31 1530
VUSB VSS VSS RC0
10K
2311
24
AN0
AN1
AN2
AN3
AN4
AN5
2
3
4
5
6
7
33pf
13
20 MHz
14
33pf
0.47
µF
Fig. 4 Pie Chart for power consumption of each department
Vcc
GND
+5V
BC 547
2200 µF
Line 2
+12V
1N4148
Relay
10K
BC 547
2200 µF
Line 3
+12V
LED
1N4148
Relay
GND
10K
BC 547
2200 µF
Fig. 7 Overall Circuit Diagram of Power Distribution
System for a department
Fig. 8 Photo of Complete circuit for power distribution
process
The output relay circuit is connected to provide
signals from PIC to load. The relay is one of devices
used in this proposed design in order to ensure a
flexible connection between PIC and the load. It’s
switched ON or OFF according to the level of signals
generated from PIC microcontroller. The relay circuit
replaces the manual switches of power distribution
with computerized switching, such that the enable
signal from PIC can handle a (230) VAC High
Voltage. The output allows command for switching
ON or OFF each relay. The complete circuit diagram
and photo of compete circuit are shown in Fig.7 and 8.
Fig.11 Simulation Result of Server for under load Condition
(250V)
VII. NETWORKING BETWEEN SERVER AND CLIENT
WITH C#.NET PROGRAMMING
This system includes the transfer of data between
server and clients. The voltages that are distributed for
load in each department are predefined between 180V
and 220 V by the microcontroller. The following
Figures are the networking between client and server.
If the voltage parameters are between 180 and 220V,
server responses to client the condition of voltage
parameter, normal condition. And then, it will send to
client to go on power distribution. If the voltage level is
over 230, server responses to client under load
condition and need to break down. When the voltage
level is under 180 V, server send to client overload
condition and it will reply to breakdown power
distribution.
Fig.12 Simulation Result of client for under load Condition
(250V)
Fig.13 Simulation Result of Server for Overload Condition
(110V)
Fig.9 Simulation Result of Server for Normal Condition
(180V)
Fig.14 Simulation Result of client for overload Condition
(110V)
Fig.10 Simulation Result of Client for Normal Condition
(180V)
Fig. 15 Networking between Server and Client
VIII. CONCLUSION
This system is a development of DCS based electric
power distribution for the monitoring and control of
significant parameter (Voltage). In this research,
design and implementation of the power distribution
process for the monitoring and control of DCS system
have been studied. Communication system uses USB
cable and hardware units for this process is designed
and constructed and tested by connecting both
hardware and software. RJ 45 network cable is utilized
between client and server. Networking between client
and server is tested using C#.Net programming
language. Its flexibility in programming allows for
easy future modification and implementations. The use
of DCS for the monitoring and controller of electric
distribution system has been identified as one of the
major way to provide efficient and reliable electric
power to electricity consumers.
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[6]
[7]
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