Download CARDIOPULMONARY PROBLEMS

CARDIOPULMONARY
PROBLEMS
• DEFINITION OF TERMS
• FUNCTIONS OF THE HEART AND LUNG
• DISEASES AND DIORDERS OF THE HEART
AND LUNGS
• PREDISPOSING OR RISK FACTORS
• CARDIAC FAILURE
• CARDIAC ARREST
• CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
Definition
Cardiopulmonary is a complex term but to
be specific cardiopulmonary will be
appropriate.This is a term coined from the
names of organs; Cardiac refers to heart
and pulmonary refers to the lungs.
Functions
• Heart
1- To receive deoxygenated blood from
the body (pulmonary circulation)
2- To pump oxygenated blood to the body
(systemic circulation)
Lungs
-Responsible for inhalation of oxygen into
the body and exhalation of carbondioxide.
Problems of the Heart
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Pericarditis
Endocarditis
Myocarditis
Ischaemic heart disease
Cardiac failure
Cardiac arrest ETC.
Problems of the Lungs
• A- Obstructive lung diseases
-Chronic bronchitis
-Asthma
-Cystic fibrosis
-Emphysema ETC.
B- Restrictive lung disorder
-Tuberculosis
-Pneumonia
-Tumor
ETC.
Predisposing Factors
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Hypertension
Cigarette smoking
High level of serum cholesterol
Obesity
Stress and anxiety
Heredity
Occupation e.g long distance drivers
Lack of exercises
Dibetes mellitus
Cardiac Failure
• C F simply means inability of the heart to
maintain an adequate circulation.It may be
acute i.e sudden or chronic i.e gradual.
• It occurs when a main coronary artery is
suddenly occludded or where there is
reduced blood pressure due to
haemorrage or embolus.
• Sudden unaccoustomed exercise precipitates a
cardiac failure(Heart Attack) where there is
already some coronary artery diseases or
ischaemia of the myocardium and the heart
cannot cope with the demands
• Chronic failure implies a gradual process
whereby the compensatory property of the heart
is used up and there is increasing inability to
maintain circulation.On investigation,blockage is
detected
Cardiac arrest
• Cardiac arrest may be defined as the failing of the heart
action to maintain adequate cerebral circulation. It may
occur from many conditions. The most common is C F
i.e heart attack
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SIGNS
Sudden collapse
Apnoea i.e stoppage of respiration
Loss of consciousness
Absence of pulse
Dilatation of the pupils
• Once all these are present
cardiopulmonary resuscitation must start
immediately because the maximum length
of time for which the brain can survive
without oxygen is 4mins.If the oxygen is
restored within 2-4mins,there should be no
damage.
CPR PROCEDURES
• Place the patient in supine lying on a hard
surface
• Clear the airway
• Inflate the lungs by mouth to mouth resuscitation
• Apply external cardiac massage and repeat for
4-5 times
• Check the carotid pulse
• If the heart and breathing restart,Position the
patient in side lying because of vomiting that
often follows C F
CONCLUSION
• Prevention remains the best cure for all
conditions.so, quickly seek a medical attention
when you experience the following symtoms;
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Chest pain
Breathlessness on exertion
Decrease exercise tolerance
Clamminess and profuse sweating
Productive cough
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THANK YOU ALL
SALAM ALEAKUM