Download Cardiovascular System Part 2

Cardiovascular System,
Part 3
Pathology of the Cardiovascular System
Path/o = disease + -logy =study of
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) – narrowing of
the coronary arteries that can cause other
problems, such as:
1. Atherosclerosis – (ather/o = plaque + -sclerosis
= hardening) hardening and narrowing of
arteries by build-up of cholesterol plaque
Pathology of the CV System
Cont’d.
2. Angina Pectoris – spasm of chest pain due to a
decrease in blood flow to the myocardium
3. Myocardial Infarction – also known as a heart
attack or “MI”; blockage of a coronary artery
resulting in death of the surrounding tissue
Congestive Heart Failure – heart is unable to pump
enough blood to meet the body’s need for oxygen
and nutrients. Kidneys retain body fluids that
cause swelling in legs and ankles and fluid build-up
in the lungs.
Pathology of the CV System
Cont’d.
Bacterial Endocarditis – (endo = inside + cardi = heart + itis = inflammation) inflammation of the lining or valves of
the heart caused by a bacteria.
Heart Murmur – valve that does not function properly may
allow blood to flow back into the heart chamber (where it
just came from).
Arrhythmias – abnormal rhythm of the heart
1. Bradycardia – (brady = slow + cardi = heart + ia = abn.
condition) slow heartbeat, < 60 beats/minute
rnceus.com/ekg/ekgsb.html
Pathology of the CV System
Cont’d.
2. Tachycardia – (tachy = fast) fast heartbeat, > 100
beats/minute
www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/cpg.cfm?doc_id=5247
Fibrillation – rapid, ineffective contractions of the
heart
1. Ventricular Fibrillation – irregular contraction of the
ventricle, will result in death unless corrected
quickly.
www.mf.uni-lj.si/.../eng/sz-50/sldr00015.html
Pathology of the CV System
Cont’d.
Hypertension (high blood pressure) – blood pressure
above normal limits, 130/90 considered normal
http://familymedicine.osu.edu/products/physicalexam/exam/
Diagnostic Procedures
1. Angiography – (angi/o = blood vessel + -graphy =
process of recording) X-ray study of blood vessels
after injecting dye (contrast medium)
www.kup.at/journals/abbildungen/gross/5224.html
Diagnostic Procedures
Cont’d.
2. Cardiac catheterization – catheter is passed
through a vein or artery and guided into the heart,
dye is injected, and the Dr. looks for a problem
with the coronary arteries supplying blood to the
heart.
www.svmh.com/heart/cath.asp
www.hmc.psu.edu/.../patient/movies/echogram.htm
3. Echocardiography – (ech/o = sound) ultrasound of
the structures and motion of heart
Treatment / Procedures of
the CV System
Medications
1. Antihypertensives – (anti = against) used to lower
blood pressure
2. Nitroglycerine – used to dilate blood vessels and
relieve pain of angina
3. Anticoagulant – slows blood clotting and prevents
new clots from forming
Treatment / Procedures of
the CV System Cont’d.
Medications
4. Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA) – clot
dissolving enzyme used to dissolve clot in patient
having a heart attack or stroke
5. Adenosine – medication used to convert some
rapid heartbeats into a normal rhythm
Treatment / Procedures of
the CV System Cont’d.
Methods to Clear Blocked Arteries
6. PTCA – Percutaneous
Transluminal
Coronary
Angioplasty. Balloon is inserted during cardiac
catheterization and inflated inside artery, this
opens the plaque in the vessel so more blood can
flow through, balloon is deflated and removed.
Sometimes, a stent is used on the outside of the
balloon to keep the artery open.
www.heartsurgeons.com/angios.jpg
Treatment / Procedures of
the CV System Cont’d.
7. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) – a portion of
a vein is removed from the leg and attached to
the blocked artery in the heart, this causes blood
flow to go around (bypass) the blockage and
improve blood flow to heart.
www.heartsurgeryva.com/images/si55551803.gif
Treatment / Procedures of
the CV System Cont’d.
8. Defibrillation – use of electrical shock to restore
heart’s normal rhythm
www.cnamedical.com/HP43100_large.jpg
9. Pacemaker – device used to regulate the
heartbeat, usually used on slow heartbeats or
atrial fibrillation
10. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation – emergency
procedure for life support
Career Opportunities of the
CV System
1. Perfusionist – operates the heart lung machine
during a bypass surgery
www.bellin.org/photos/Perfusion.jpg
2. CV technologist – assists with cardiac
catheterizations, stress testing, pacemaker
insertions, etc…
3. EKG technician – performs electrocardiographs on
patients, applies holter monitors, etc…
Homework



There are several careers on p. 77, 91, and 101
You are to create a web diagram that lists one of the careers
in the middle and 15 personal characteristics that this
particular job would need to have in order to do the job
really well. A personal characteristic would be like a “steady
hand” for a phlebotomist, “attention to detail” for a lab tech,
etc…
It does not have to be typed
Steady
hands
Phlebotomist
patience