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Transcript
Disease/Disorders of the Heart Arrhythmia/ dysrrhythmia Bradycardia Tachycardia Any change from normal heart rate or rhythm Slow heart rate (<60 ) Rapid heart rate (>100 ) Coronary Artery Disease • Angina Pectoris: Chest pain, caused by lack of oxygen to heart muscle, treat with nitroglycerin to dilate coronary arteries. • Edema fluid in tissues, often caused by poor circulation Myocardial Infarction • MI or Heart Attack • Lack of blood supply to the myocardium causes damage. • Due to blockage of coronary artery or blood clot • Amount of damage depends on size of area deprived of oxygen Myocardial Infarction cont. • Symptoms: severe chest pain radiating to left arm, shoulder, arm, neck, and jaw, also nausea, diaphoresis, dyspnea • Immediate medical care is critical • RX bedrest, oxygen, medication • Morphine for pain tPA to dissolve the clot • Anticoagulant therapy to prevent further clots • Angioplasty and by-pass surgery may be necessary Vascular Diseases • • • • • • • Aneurysm Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis Hypertension Hypotension Embolism Varicose veins Disorders of the Blood Vessels • Aneurysm: ballooning of an artery, thinning and weakening • Arteriosclerosis: arterial walls thicken, lose elasticity • Atherosclerosis: fatty deposits form on walls of arteries Aneurysm http://www.webmd.com/video/abdominal-aortic-aneurysms-stent-graft-tria Hypertension • High blood pressure • Silent Killer usually no symptoms • Leads to strokes, heart attacks, kidney failure • Higher in African Americans and postmenopausal women • Risk factors=smoking , overweight, stress, high fat diets, family history • Treatment relaxation, low fat diet exercise weight loss, medication Hypotension • Low blood pressure systolic <100 • Varicose veins swollen, distended veins heredity or due to posture, prolonged periods of standing, physical exertion, age and pregnancy • Embolism is a traveling blood clot Diagnosis and Treatment • • • • • • • Electrocardiogram Coronary Bypass AED Defibrillation CPR Artificial Pacemaker Angiogram Electrocardiogram • Electrical Tracing of the heart Heart Surgery • Coronary By-pass usually a healthy vein from the leg removed and attached before and after the coronary obstruction creating an alternate route for blood supply to the myocardium. AED • Automated External Defibrillator • Defibrillation – electrical shock to bring the heart back to a normal rhythm. • CPRcardiopulmonary resuscitation, used in presence of cardiac arrest. • Artificial Pacemaker: when the heart has conduction (electrical impulse) defect • demand pacemakerfires only when heart rate drops below programmed minimum • Causes heart to contract Angiogram • X-ray of a blood vessel using dye. Website Surgery Game • http://www.abc.net.au/science/lcs/hear t.htm • http://video.nationalgeographic.com/vid eo/player/science/health-human-bodysci/ The End