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Series & Parallel Circuits Chapter 23 23.1 Simple Circuits • Water moving down a mountain river • The water goes down the mountain because of a difference in gravitational potential energy • The water represents electrical current • The electric current moves through a circuit because of a difference in electric potential Series Circuits • A circuit that has only one path for the current to flow • Remember that charge cannot be created or destroyed and current is amount charge moving per second • The potential difference is shared by each device in the circuit. • Also call voltage drop because as the current passes through each device uses some of the total voltage until it is all used up I & R in a series circuit • In an electric circuit, the increase in voltage provided by the energy source (battery), Vsource, is equal to the sum of the voltage drop across the devices • Vsource=VA+VB+… Equivalent Resistance in a Series Circuit • The equivalent resistance is the one resistor that could replace all the resistors of the circuit and keep the same current • In a series circuit the resistance adds • R=RA+RB+… • The equivalent resistance is greater than any individual resistor Voltage drop in a Series Circuit • As current moves through any circuit the net change in potential must equal zero • Gains in the energy source and loses as current passes through the resistors Voltage Divider • Used to change a higher voltage to a lower voltage as the current passes through a device. • Source is 12 V and device required 9 V • A resistor is placed in series with the device to use the extra 3 V Parallel Circuits • More than one path for the current to flow • Similar to a mountain river and breaks off into three different rivers. • All three have the same starting and ending gravitational potential energy • The total river current has to be split into three separate paths Resistors in a Parallel Circuit •V=VA=VB… … •I=IA+IB+ V V V R RA RB 1 1 1 R RA RB Equivalent resistance for a parallel circuit