Download subject - Resourceful Indonesian

Object Focus Construction
Vs
Subject Focus Construction
 In Indonesian we need to distinguish between
intransitive and transitive verbs – according to
whether the verb requires only one or more than
one noun to accompany it in order for the sentence
to make sense.
 Traditionally verbs are ‘doing’ words but some verbs
actually describe a ‘state’ or ‘condition’ e.g. verb = to
be = is, are;
sick = sakit etc.
 Intransitive verbs need only one noun (or noun





phrase) to accompany it in a sentence. This noun
phrase is usually the SUBJECT
Duduk, berlari, tidur, makan, bangun are
examples of intransitive verbs
Anto duduk.
Nenek berjalan.
Saya bangun pada jam 6 pagi.
Adik saya menangis.
Anto duduk di kursi
 Anto sits on the chair
Nenek berjalan ke pasar
 Granny walks to the market
Ani menangis keras
 Ani cries loudly
Tono tidur lelap
 Tono sleeps soundly.
 Subject focus and Object focus = in sentence
constructions our attention is focused on the
subject or the object of the sentence.
 Sometimes called Active or Passive
 A SUBJECT = doer, actor or agent of action
 An OBJECT = s.o. or s.t. that is affected by the
action performed by subject
 Lets look at Pasif # 1
Subject-Focus
 Subject comes before the verb & object
 Subject is followed by me-verb transitive verb
 May be an auxillary verb before main verb
 Object follows the verb directly
Nina
Subject
Nina
membaca
Verb
reads
buku ini
Object
a book
Nina membaca buku ini – Subject-Focus
 To change a sentence from subject focus sentence
(Aktif) to an object focus sentence (Pasif) we
follow these rules.
i) First identify the verb - membaca
ii) Ask the question
Who/what did the action (of verb) –
 Quest: Who/what membaca (read) ?
 Answer: Nina.
 Nina is the subject
iii) Now we identify the object in the sentence by
asking
 Quest: .Nina read who or what ?
 Answer: a book – the object of the sentence is ‘a
book’
 Nina
 Subject
 Nina
membaca
verb
read
buku ini
Object
this book.
Change into Object-Focus or Pasif # 1
Follow these rules:
i) Move Object to front of sentence
ii) Add Di~ to verb (remove any prefixes e.g. me~ so
only base word with suffixes is left)
iii) Oleh is optional but it sounds better
iv) Put Subject after di~ verb
Buku ini dibaca
oleh
Nina
 Object
di- verb (optional) Subject
This book was read
by
Nina.
Ayo ! Cobalah ini !
 Kami merayakan Hari Natal di rumahku.
 Orangtua menyewa ‘jumping castle’ bagi pesta
HUTku.
 Mereka akan mengundang teman-teman ke pesta
besok pagi.
 Tamu-tamu membawa hadiah HUT ke pesta.
 Kaum Kristen merayakan Hari Paskah dengan
empat hari liburan di Australia.
 Ibuku memasak sarapan untuk keluargaku pagi ini.
 Doktor
memeriksa pasien
 Subject
verb
object
 To make our sentences a little more interesting
we can insert
 Auxillary verbs (sudah, mau, harus etc)
 Adverbs (pelan-pelan – slowly)
 Prepostional phrases (di rumah – at home)
Doktor yang muda harus memeriksa pasien
yang sakit sekali di rumahnya pagi ini.
Sampai Di Sini Saja!