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The Conversational Past Tense Helping Verbs • When talking about past events, you use the conversational past tense. • It consists of the present tense forms of haben and sein and a form of the verb called the past participle. Helping Verbs • Sein – to be – Verbs that use sein as their helping verb fall into one of three categories: • Movement – Any verb expressing movement from one place to another • Bleiben (to stay) – Past Participle geblieben • Sein (to be) – Past Participle gewesen Helping Verbs • Haben – to have – Verbs that use haben as their helping verb fall into one category: • Everything Else • The verb haben (to have) also falls into this category. • Haben (to have) – Past Participle gehabt Helping Verbs • Examples! – Ich habe meine Tante besucht. – Ich bin um den See gegangen. Past Participle Prefix • Most Past Participles have the prefix ge-: – gemacht – gelesen – gespielt – gesehen – gearbeitet – gefahren Weak Verbs • The Past Participle of so-called regular or weak verbs end in t: • Regular verbs are verbs that take the regular form of conjugation. – Ich: -e – Du: -st – Er/Sie/Es: -t Wir: -en Ihr: -t Sie/sie: -en • MOST weak verbs (not all) will be regular verbs. Weak Verbs • Formula: – Add the prefix ge to the beginning of the verb. – Since these verbs are weak, we can easily break them. So, break of the ending of the verb (-en/-n) and put a –t back in place of the original ending. – Machen (to do) • gemachen • gemacht Strong Verbs • The Past Participle of so-called irregular or strong verbs end in –en (the infinitive): • Irregularr verbs are verbs that take a spelling change when they are conjugated. – Example: Lesen (to read) The du and er/sie/es forms add an I to the conjugation. • Most strong verbs (not all) will be irregular verbs. Strong Verbs • Formula: – Add the prefix ge- to the beginning of the verb. – Since these verbs are strong, they cannot be broken. Therefore, we do not change the ending. – Lesen (to read) • gelesen -ieren Verbs • The Past Participles of verbs ending in –ieren do not have the prefix ge-: • These verbs will lose there –en ending and will have a –t put back in place of the original ending. • Fotografieren (to photograph) fotografiert • Spazieren (to walk/stroll) spaziert Inseparable Prefix Verbs • The Past Participles of verbs that have an inseparable prefix do not add the prefix ge-: • These verbs will lose there –en ending and will have a –t put back in place of the original ending. • Besuchen (to visit, as in a person) besucht • Besichtigen (to visit, as in a place) besichtigt Inseparable Prefix Verbs • There is one Inseparable Prefix Verb that will not take the –t ending when it is used in the Past Participle form. • Gefallen (to please) – Past Participle: gefallen Separable Prefix Verbs • The Past Participles of verbs that have a separable prefix keep the ge-. • These verbs are separated and the ge- is inserted between the prefix and the verb. • Mitkommen (to come with) – mit – kommen – mit – ge – kommen – mitgekommen Most Verbs . . . • Most verbs in German are regular or weak. • Therefore, unless you have learned otherwise: – Form the Past Participle with –t – Form the Prefix with ge– The Helping Verb is haben Examples of Weak Verbs • • • • • • • Gearbeitet Gefaulenzt Gefilmt Gehabt Gehört Gekauft Gemacht • • • • • • • Gemäht Geschenkt Gespielt Gewohnt Fotografiert Besucht Besichtigt Examples of Strong Verbs • • • • • • Gegeben Gegessen Gelesen Gesehen Geholfen Getrunken Examples of Verbs with Sein • Ist gekommen • Ist gefahren • Ist gewandert • Ist spaziert • • • • • Ist gelaufen Ist geblieben Ist geschwommen Ist gewesen Ist gegangen Refer to pages R34-R36 in the back of your German textbook to see the verb chart. All verbs that take sein as their helping verb will have ist in front of the verb. If you cannot find the verb you are looking for in the back of your Other Information • Refer to pages R34-R36 in the back of your German textbook to see the verb chart. • All verbs that take sein as their Helping Verb will have ist in front of the verb. • If you cannot find the verb you are looking for in the back of your book, then assume that the verb is weak and that the Helping Verb is haben. Works Cited!!!!! • Komm mit! 2, Pages 66 and 67