Download Pronouns

AHSGE Review
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A word that replaces a noun
A pronoun should have one antecedent
An antecedent the noun that is replaced
later in the sentence by the pronoun
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Ricardo and she are taking the advanced
placement test.
The person at the door was he.
His playing is getting better.
That canoe is theirs.
The representatives, Sherlyn and he,
attended the meeting.
She loves to eat cupcakes.
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Make sure that the antecedent is clear and
that a pronoun cannot possibly refer to more
than one antecedent.
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Do not use pronouns this, that, which, or it
without a clearly stated antecedent.
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At most zoos, they feed the animals tons of
fresh vegetables.
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At zoos, the zookeepers feed the animals
tons of fresh vegetables.
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Which sentence is clearer?
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The trash can was full, and we didn’t
have anywhere to put it.
What is it – the trash or the trash can?
Instead: The trash can was full, and we
didn’t have anywhere to put the trash.
After the planes unloaded the passengers, they
left the terminal.
(Workbook page 193)
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An antecedent is the word or group of words
to which a pronoun refers or that a pronoun
replaces.
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If a compound subject is joined by and, a
plural pronoun is used.
 Sarah and Beth will bring their books to class
tomorrow.
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If a subject is joined by or/nor, the pronoun
should agree with the part of the subject
closest to it.
 Either Samantha or the boys will bring their
materials.
 Gender - Male, female, or neuter
 Person - 1st, 2nd, and 3rd – Be Consistent
When a person comes to class, you should have your
homework ready.
OR
When a person comes to class, he or she should have
his or her homework ready
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Pronouns must agree in
 Number (Singular or Plural)
 Use a singular personal pronoun for the following
antecedents: anybody, anyone, each, either, everyone,
everybody, everything, much, neither, nobody, no one,
nothing, one, other, somebody, someone, something
 Use a plural personal pronoun for the following
antecedents: several, both, few, many
 Singular or plural depending on the sentence: all, any,
enough, more, most, none, plenty, some
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An appositive is a noun or pronoun that
identifies or explains the noun or pronoun
that it follows.
 We teachers feel that an honor code is necessary.
 The committee leaders, Debra and she, made the
arrangements.
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A comparison can be made using than or as.
When words are omitted from the end of a
clause, the clause is elliptical.
 I like to read more than he.
 I like to read more than he likes to read.
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Reflexive and Intensive pronouns end in
–self or –selves.
 I myself painted the landscape.
 I saw myself in the reflection of the mirror.
 (Workbook Page 187, 189, 191)
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Case is the form a pronoun takes
depending on its function in the
sentence.
There are three cases of pronouns:
 Subjective: subject or subjective
complement
 Objective: direct object, indirect object,
or object of the preposition
 Possessive: shows possession
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I
We
You
He
She
It
They
who
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Me
Us
You
Him
Her
It
Them
Whom
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My
Mine
Our
Ours
Your
Yours
Their
Theirs
whose
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When you must choose the correct pronoun
case in a compound subject, first try each
part of the compound subject alone in the
sentence, and then choose the correct case
for the sentence.
Alfredo and (I, me) drew a cartoon.
Me drew a cartoon.
I drew a cartoon. (correct)
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John sent flowers to his mother and I
for our birthdays.
John sent flowers to I???
Instead: John sent flowers to his
mother and me for our birthdays.
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Abby and I are the same height;
although, I always thought I was much
taller than her.
I always thought I was much taller than
her is???
Instead: Abby and I are the same
height; although, I always thought I was
much taller than she.
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The hero in the movie is him.
Him is the hero in the movie???
Instead: The hero in the movie is he.
Shawn gave who flowers?
Instead: Shawn gave whom flowers?
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A nominative pronoun used as a predicate
nominative is called a predicate pronoun. It
immediately follows a linking verb and
identifies the subject of the sentence.
It was he who became first Spaniard to travel
the length of the Amazon River.
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Use the objective form of a personal pronoun
when the pronoun functions as a direct
object, indirect object, or object of a
preposition. Also use it when the pronoun is
part of a compound subject.
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Direct Object
 Orellana joined them east of Quito, Ecuador.
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Indirect Object
 Pizarro gave him specific instructions.
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Object of the Preposition
 Surviving the journey became difficult for them.
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Part of compound subject
 The river posed dangers for Orellana and them.
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The direct object is a word or group or words
that names the receiver of the action or an
action verb. It answers the question what or
whom.
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My dog has a short tail. (My dog has what?)
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An indirect object is a word or group of words
that tells to what, to whom, or for whom and
action is done. The indirect object almost
always comes before the direct object in
sentences that have both.
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My dog brought me a stick. (To whom did the
dog bring the stick?)
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The case of the pronoun who is determined
by the pronoun’s function in a sentence.
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Nominative
 Who, whoever
Objective
▪ Whom, Whomever
Possessive
 Whose, whosever
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Who and Whom can be used to ask questions
and to introduce subordinate clauses.
In a question, the nominative pronoun who is
used as a subject or as a subjective
complement
EX Who discovered plutonium? .(subject)
EX. The scientist was who? (subjective
complement)
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In a question, the objective case pronoun
whom is used as a direct object, an indirect
object, or the object of a preposition.
EX. Whom did Marie Curie marry? (DI)
EX. With whom did she work? (OP)
EX. Samuel bought whom flowers? (IO)
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When deciding whether to use who or whom
in a subordinate clause, consider only how
the pronoun functions within the clause. Use
who when the pronoun is the subject of the
clause.
EX. He’s the climber who planted the flag.
Subj. Subordinate clause
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Use whom when the pronoun is an object in
the subordinate clause.
EX. The climber whom we all know planted
the flag.
DI subordinate clause