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SENTENCE DIAGRAMMING
English 1
Sentence Diagramming
• Reed-Kellogg Method
• Based on word relationships
• Uses the logic of the sentence
instead of the physical order of the
words
Basics
First, we establish the base
subject/verb relationship in the
sentence. All diagrams start with this.
Example: It rained.
It
rained
subject
predicate
Basics
The verb phrase contains the complete
tense of the verb.
It is raining.
It ‘s
is raining
Contractions will also appear in the
diagram. For example:
It’s raining.
Direct Objects
As part of the predicate, separate this
from the verb phrase using a vertical
line that ascends from the base line.
Direct Object
Alice crafts dolls.
Alice crafts dolls
Noun Predicates and Adjectives
Instead of a vertical line, a left-slanting
diagonal ascending line is used.
Suika is drunk.
Suika is drunk
Marisa is a witch.
Marisa is witch
.
Note that this is only applied
to adjectives that are used to
complement the predicate’s
verb phrase.
Adjectives, Adverbs and other
Modifiers
Earlier we had this example:
Marisa is a witch.
Marisa is witch
Note the descending
diagonal line with “a.”
We use these to show which words modify
which in the sentence. Adverbs,
adjectives, determiners (the) are attached
to the words they modify.
Adjectives, Adverbs and other
Modifiers
Suika is very drunk.
Suika is drunk
“very” in this case is
an adverb that
modifies the adjective
“drunk.”
Adjectives, Adverbs and other
Modifiers
Alice stayed awake until midnight cramming.
Alice stayed awake
midnight
Participles like this
modify the noun.
Participles are
differentiated from
adjectives by the Lshaped symbol.
Adjectives, Adverbs and other
Modifiers
Marisa stealthily stole Patchy’s precious books.
Marisa stole books
All of the modifiers
appear below the
words they are
modifying.
Adjectives, Adverbs and
other Modifiers
Sakuya eventually replaced her old,
outdated costume.
Sakuya replaced costume
Noun Predicates, Predicate
Adjectives, and Direct Objects
Everyone considers Cirno a complete idiot.
Everyone considers Cirno idiot
Patchy is practicing magic at the library.
Prepositions
Patchy is practicing magic
library
Prepositions are
shown by adding a
descending diagonal
line with the
preposition written
on it leading to a
horizontal line that
indicates the
complement.
Remilia and Sakuya are picking flowers at the
mansion’s conservatory.
Compound Subjects
Remilia
are picking
Sakuya
Compound subjects
are indicated by
branches connected
by a dotted line. The
dotted line indicates
the conjunction.
and
flowers
conservatory
Remilia and Sakuya are picking flowers at the
mansion’s conservatory.
Compound Subjects
Remilia
are picking
Sakuya
Compound subjects
are indicated by
branches connected
by a dotted line. The
dotted line indicates
the conjunction.
and
flowers
conservatory
Both coordination and
subordination have the
component clauses
diagrammed separately.
The verbs of the two
diagrams are then linked
by a vertical dotted line
that indicates either the
coordinating or
subordinating
conjunction.
Utsuho is going
rampage
so
Coordination and Subordination
Utsuho is going on a rampage again, so Marisa
must stop her immediately.
Marisa must stop her
Relative Clauses
Youmu, who is Princess Yuyuko’s gardener, is also an
accomplished swordfighter.
Relative clauses
modify words in a
sentence by adding
additional
information. They
usually start with
“who,” “whom,”
“where,” etc.
A relative clause is
diagrammed like
this. Since it is a
clause, it also has
an SV relationship
and is diagrammed
with the base
cross.
Youmu is swordfighter
The dotted line attaches the relative
pronoun “who” to its antecedent
Youmu.
who is gardener
Note the branching
modifiers. Princess
modifies Yuyuko’s
modifies gardener.
The immortal vampire girl who lives in the dark,
creepy mansion drinks her victims’ blood and
enjoys it immensely.
girl
drinks blood
Extreme Example
mansion
and
who lives
she enjoys
it
Overkill Example
(Try it Out!)
The defenders of Gensokyo, who are incrediblyskilled warriors, are fighting tirelessly to
protect the realm from invaders who wish to
take their beloved land, but the mysterious
enemy who is coming might be too strong for
them to defeat.
Corrections
• The original “Suika is roaring drunk” sentence
has been replaced with “Suika is very drunk.”
Roaring is a participle and must be
diagrammed with the L-symbol.
• Misplaced branches have been corrected.
• Slide on Relative Clauses added.
• Slide on uber diagram added.
Title
• Composed and animated by JRR Flores
• All characters are from the Touhou series of
video games.
• All Touhou characters are property of
Shanghai Alice Gengakudan.
http://touhou.wikia.com
全ての東方キャラは上海アリス幻楽団の財物です。
• References:
– Cobuild English Grammar (Harper-Collins)
– E360K English Grammar: Diagrams
http://www.utexas.edu/courses/langling/e360k/handouts/diagrams/index.html