Download verbs_rogerio_todo - toefl-prep-course-2012-12

Miguel and Marcela
Homework February 2012
The Parts of Speech
Traditional grammar classifies words based on nine parts of speech:
the verb, the noun, the pronoun, the adjective, the adverb, the article,
the preposition, the conjunction, and the interjection.
Each part of speech explains not what the word is, but how the word
is used. In fact, the same word can be a noun in one sentence and a
verb or adjective in the next.
http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/hypergrammar/partsp.html
Verb
The verb is perhaps the most important part of the sentence. A verb or
compound verb asserts something about the subject of the sentence and
express actions, events, or states of being.
Noun
A noun is a word used to name a person, animal, place, thing, and abstract
idea
Pronoun
A pronoun can replace a noun or another pronoun. .
Adjective
An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or
quantifying words. An adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronoun
which it modifies
Article
A/an are used to show one non-specific thing. The is used to show a
specific thing or things
http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/hypergrammar/partsp.html
Adverb
An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a phrase,
or a clause. An adverb indicates manner, time, place, cause, or
degree and answers questions
Preposition
A preposition links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a
sentence. The word or phrase that the preposition introduces is
called the object of the preposition.
Conjunction
You can use a conjunction to link words, phrases.
Interjection
An interjection is a word added to a sentence to convey emotion. It is
not grammatically related to any other part of the sentence.
http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/hypergrammar/partsp.html
SIMPLE, and COMPOUND SENTENCES .
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by
a coordinator. subjects are in yellow, verbs are in green, and the
coordinators and the commas that precede them are in red.
A. Some students like to study in the mornings.
B. Juan and Arturo play football every afternoon.
C. Alicia goes to the library and studies every day.
A. I tried to speak Spanish, and my friend tried to speak English.
B. Alejandro played football, so Maria went shopping.
C. Alejandro played football, for Maria went shopping.
A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or
more dependent clauses. A complex sentence always has a
subordinator such as because, since, after, although, or when or a
relative pronoun such as that, who, or which. In the following
complex sentences, subjects are in yellow, verbs are in green, and
the subordinators and their commas (when required) are in red.
A. When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher
the last page.
B. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error.
C. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow.
D. After they finished studying, Juan and Maria went to the movies.
E. Juan and Maria went to the movies after they finished studying.
ACTION VERBS
Action verbs are used to show when
somebody does something.
Action verbs can also be actions you can't see such as: Sue thought
about pets. She wanted a puppy.
Action verbs are time-telling verbs. They also tell when something takes
place. Examples:
My dog runs faster than yours. (present tense)
Yesterday he ran around the block. (past tense)
Tomorrow he will run in a race. (future tense)
Actions verbs main be used alone as the main verb of a sentence; as in:
My kitten fell into the pond. Or the action verb may use a helping verb; as
in: If you get too close to the edge, you will fall too.
source: http://www.kyrene.org/schools/brisas/sunda/verb/1action.htm
MODAL
VERBS
Modal verbs are special
verbs which behave very
differently from normal
verbs.
1. Modal verbs do not
take "-s" in the third
person.
2. You use "not" to make
modal verbs negative,
even in Simple Present
and Simple Past.
3. Many modal verbs
cannot be used in the
past tenses or the future
tenses.
source: http://www.myteacherpages.com/webpages/alfonsolopez/files/Modal%20Verbs.pdf
LINKING VERBS
A linking verb connects a subject to a subject
complement which identifies or describes the subject.
The play is Waiting for Godot.
Some of us thought that the play was very good.
Others thought it became tedious after the first fifteen minutes.
The cast appears disorganised and confused; perhaps Beckett intended
this.
The play seems absurd to me.
Linking verbs are either verbs of sensation ("feel," "look," "smell," "sound,"
"taste") or verbs of existence ("act," "appear," "be," "become," "continue,"
"grow," "prove," "remain," "seem,"
"sit," "stand," "turn").
source: http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/hypergrammar/link.html
AUXILIARY
VERBS
Auxiliary Verbs are the verbs be, do, have, will when they are
followed by another verb (the full verb) in order to form a question,
a negative sentence, a compound tense or the passive.
The verb "be"
The verb be can be used as an auxiliary and a full verb. As an auxiliary we use this verb for
compound tenses and the passive voice. Note that be is an irregular verb:
The verb "have"
The verb have, too, can be used both as an auxiliary and as a full verb. As an auxiliary we use
this verb to form compound tenses in active and passive voice. (Use the past participle of the
full verb.)
The verb "will"
The verb will can only be used as an auxiliary. We use it to form the future tenses.
The verb "do"
The verb do can be both an auxiliary and a full verb. As an auxiliary we use do in negative
sentences and questions for most verbs (except not for be, will, have got and modal verbs) in
Simple Present and Simple Past. (Use the infinitive of the full verb.)
source: http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/hypergrammar/link.html
The four skills
Verb
strings
Simple
Compound
complex
Parts of
speech
Phrases
Clauses
sentencces