* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Imperfect Subjunctive
Relative clause wikipedia , lookup
Proto-Indo-European verbs wikipedia , lookup
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Polish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Irish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Sanskrit grammar wikipedia , lookup
Italian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Chichewa tenses wikipedia , lookup
Hungarian verbs wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Norse morphology wikipedia , lookup
Serbo-Croatian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Tense–aspect–mood wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
English clause syntax wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Pipil grammar wikipedia , lookup
Imperfect Subjunctive The imperfect subjunctive is used just like the present subjunctive: Noun clauses: If there’s emotion, doubt/denial, es + adj. + que, or an indirect command in the main clause, you need subjunctive in the dependent clause. Adjective clauses: If the object being described doesn’t exist or may not exist, you need subjunctive in the dependent clause. Adverb clauses: certain conjunctions require the subjunctive; time conjunctions require the subjunctive if the action in the clause hasn’t occurred yet. The difference is that you need to use imperfect subjunctive if you need a past tense: I doubt that he studies. – “he studies” would be present subjunctive. I doubt that he studied. – “he studied” would be imperfect subjunctive. Forming the Imperfect Subjunctive To form the imperfect subjunctive, go to the third person plural of the preterit: hablé hablaste habló hablamos hablasteis hablaron comí comiste comió comimos comisteis comieron Drop the –ron and add the following endings (same for –ar, -er, -ir verbs): -ra -΄ramos -ras -rais -ra -ran hablara habláramos hablaras hablarais hablara hablaran comiera comiéramos comieras comierais comiera comieran There are no exceptions, no irregularities, because, without fail, you go to the third person plural of the preterit, drop the –ron, and add the imperfect subjunctive endings listed on the previous page. However, there are lots of irregulars and stem-changing verbs in the preterit, such as the following: fueron supieron durmieron pidieron leyeron estuvieron quisieron dijeron How the imperfect subjunctive is used The past subjunctive is also always used after the following phrases (and a few other similar ones), just as with the present subjunctive. E S C A P A en caso de que sin que con tal (de) que antes (de) que para que a menos que (in case) (without, unless) (provided that) (before) (so that, in order that) (unless) How the imperfect subjunctive is used The tense of the verb in the main clause normally determines whether to use the present or imperfect subjunctive in the subordinate clause. If the verb in the main clause is in the . . . present, future, or present perfect the present subjunctive is used in the subordinate clause. How the imperfect subjunctive is used The tense of the verb in the main clause normally determines whether to use the present or imperfect subjunctive in the subordinate clause. If the verb in the main clause is in the . . . preterit, imperfect, conditional, or pluperfect the imperfect subjunctive is used in the subordinate clause. How the imperfect subjunctive is used If the verb in the main clause is in the . . . present, The present subjunctive future, or is used in the present perfect subordinate clause. Examples: Insisto en que Tomás me ayude. I insist that Tomás help me. Insistiré en que Tomás me ayude. I will insist that Tomás help me. He insistido en que Tomás me ayude. I have insisted that Tomás help me. How the imperfect subjunctive is used If the verb in the main clause is in the . . . preterit, The imperfect subjunctive imperfect, is used in the subordinate conditional, or clause. pluperfect Examples: Insistí en que Tomás me ayudara. I insisted that Tomás help me. Insistía en que Tomás me ayudara. I (always) insisted that Tomás help me. Insistiría en que Tomás me ayudara. I would insist that Tomás help me. Había insistido en que Tomás me ayudara. I had insisted that Tomás help me. How the imperfect subjunctive is used More examples of the imperfect subjunctive: Notice that the use of the preterit or imperfect in the main clause calls for the imperfect subjunctive in the subordinate clause. Era importante que leyera mi tarea. It was important for me to read my homework. La meteoróloga insistió en que todos se refugiaran de la tempestad. The meteorologist insisted that everyone take cover from the storm. How the imperfect subjunctive is used More examples of the imperfect subjunctive: Remember that a written accent is required on the first-person plural of the imperfect subjunctive forms. El periodista quería que arregláramos la sala para la entrevista. The journalist wanted us to arrange the living room for the interview. Era dudoso que contratáramos a aquel comentarista. It was doubtful that we would hire that commentator. El gobierno prohibió que pusiéramos esa información en el artículo. The government prohibited us from putting that information in the article. How the imperfect subjunctive is used The imperfect subjunctive is required under the same conditions as the present subjunctive. However, the imperfect subjunctive is used to refer to events that were incomplete in relation to a past event. Compare the sentences below to the time line. Present Past Future dudar pedir controlar haber El reportero dudaba que controlaran el incendio. The reporter doubted that they would control the fire. Los televidentes pidieron que hubiera más programas serios. The TV viewers asked for there to be more serious shows. How the imperfect subjunctive is used Use the imperfect subjunctive with ojalá when it means I wish (that). ¡Ojalá (que) el patrocinador seleccionara mi guión! I wish the sponsor would choose my script! ¡Ojalá (que) no cancelaran mi serie favorita! I wish they wouldn’t cancel my favorite series! How the imperfect subjunctive is used EXPANSIÓN More on structure and usage Peticiones con el imperfecto de subjuntivo A common use of the imperfect subjunctive is to make polite requests or statements. In such cases, the forms of the verbs querer, poder, and deber are used. Note the following examples. Quisiera leer los anuncios clasificados. I would like to read the classified ads. ¿Pudieras prestarme la sección deportiva? Could you lend me the sports section? Debiéramos ir al concurso. We should go to the game show. FIN