Download Past Perfect Tense

Action Verbs p. 368 text
An action verb is a word that names an action. An action verb may
contain more than one word.
The director shouts at the members of the cast.
The lights are flashing above the stage.
The audience arrives in time for the performance.
Several singers have memorized the lyrics of a song.
Action verbs can express physical actions or mental actions.
Have, has and had are action verbs too, when they name what the
subject owns or holds.
He has fifteen dollars.
We had pizza for dinner last night.
Write a sentence, using an action verb for each of the pictures below.
Transitive and Intransitive Verbs p. 370
Transitive Verb- has a direct object. When an action verb transfers
action to a direct object, it is transitive.
direct object- receives the action of the verb. It answers the question
whom? Or what? after an action verb
The audience applauds the actors. Transitive
For whom did the audience applaud? The actors. (direct object)
Intransitive verb- does not have a direct object. When an action verb
has no direct object, it is intransitive.
The audience applauds loudly. Intransitive- No direct object.
Verbs with Indirect Object p. 372 text
An indirect object answers the question to whom or for whom an action
is done.
Friends sent the actors flowers.
Indirect object
To whom?
(direct object)
An indirect object appears only in a sentence that has a direct object.
Two easy clues can help you recognize an indirect object.
First, an indirect object always comes before a direct object.
Second, you can add the preposition to or for before the indirect object
and change its position. The sentence will still make sense, although
there will no longer be an indirect object, but an object of the preposition.
Friends sent the actors flowers. ( Actors is an indirect object. )
What is the direct object? Flowers
Friends sent flowers to the actors. ( Actors is not an indirect object
It is the object of the preposition.
Linking Verbs & Predicate Words p 374. text
A linking verb connects the subject of a sentence with a noun or
adjective in the predicate.
Bess Powell was the director.
linking verb
The verb was is a form of the verb be. It links the word director to
the subject by telling what it is.
Being verbs: Memorize please
am , is , are, was, were, be, being, been.
Predicate noun- a noun that follows a linking verb. It defines the
subject by stating what it is.
Predicate adjective- an adjective that follows a linking verb. It
describes the subject by telling what it is like.
Common linking verbs
be
appear
turn
smell
become
look
taste sound
seem
grow
feel
Professor Willard became an expert on the history of Grover’s
Corners.
What is the linking verb in the sentence? became
Is the linking verb followed by a predicate noun or predicate adjective?
Predicate noun-expert
The children appeared frightened when the grim reaper chased them
with his sickle.
Which word is the linking verb? appeared
Is the linking verb followed by a predicate noun or predicate adjective?
Predicate adjective- frightened
Present and Past Tenses p. 376 text
Present tense of a verb names an action that happens regularly. It does
not mean that it’s taking place now. If the action were taking place
now the verb would be present progressive and it would end in -ing.
I am teaching.
You are (hopefully) listening.
A great actor wins awards.
The earth revolves around the sun.
We eat at noon everyday.
Mrs. Sev drinks coffee every day.
Past tense of a verb names an action that already happened.
The past tense of many verbs is formed by adding -ed to the verb.
Some exceptions ( irregular verbs)
lose lost
Sit sat
eat ate
drink drank
Present Tense Forms
Singular
Plural
I walk.
We walk.
You walk.
You walk. ( addressing a group)
He, she , or it walks.
They walk.
Main Verbs and Helping Verbs text p. 378
Principal Parts of Verbs
Base Form
Present Participle Past Form
act
acting
acted
Past Participle
acted
Helping verb- helps the main verb tell about an action or make a statement
verb phrase- consists of one or more helping verbs followed by a main verb.
They are acting in another play right now.
Helping verb- are
common helping verbs are- be, have, and do.
Forms of the helping verb be - am, is , are (present tense)
was, were (past tense). These helping verbs combine with the
present participle of the main verb.
He is acting.
I am acting.
They were acting.
Forms of the helping verb have include has (present) and had (past).
These combine with the past participle from of a verb
He has acted.
I have acted.
They had acted.
The cat is eating her food.
Main verb- eating verb phrase- is eating
helping verb- is
Participle- present
Whiskers was sleeping before dinner.
Main verb- sleeping
helping verb- was
Participle- past
verb phrase- was sleeping
Write two sentences about each of the videos below. Use one verb
in the present participle and the other in the past participle. You must
use a main verb and a helping verb.
Progressive Forms- text p. 380
Present Progressive- Names an action that is continuing in the present.
I am leaving.
He,She, It is leaving.
You are leaving.
They are leaving.
Past progressive- Names an action or condition that continued for some
time in the past.
I was following.
You were following.
They were following.
He, She, It was following.
In your copybook, please write a sentence using the past & progressive
form of any verb using all of the above pronouns.
The cat is eating her food.
Main verb- eating verb phrase- is eating
helping verb- is
Participle- present
Whiskers was sleeping before dinner.
Main verb- sleeping
helping verb- was
Participle- past
verb phrase- was sleeping
Write two sentences about each of the videos below. Use one verb
in the present participle and the other in the past participle. You must
use a main verb and a helping verb.
Perfect Tenses
Present perfect tense- names an action that happened at an indefinite
time in the past. It also tells about an action that happened in the
past and is still happening.
The actor has rehearsed for many hours.
Nick and Maria have seen Guys and Dolls five times.
Present Perfect Tense- Consists of helping verb have or has and the
past participle of the main verb.
Singular
Plural
I have performed on Broadway.
We have performed.
You have performed in the Christmas Show. You have performed.
He, She, It has performed. They have performed together.
Past perfect tense- names an action that happened before another
action or event in the past. The past perfect tense verb consists of
the helping verb had and the past participle of the main verb.
Past Perfect Tense
Singular
Plural
I had started eating before the lesson.
We had started our homework.
Past Perfect Tense
Singular
I had started.
You had started.
He, she, it had started.
Plural
We had started.
You had started.
They had started.
Unless the verb is irregular ( I had begun. They had spoken.)
It will end in –ed in the perfect tense.
In your journals write at least two paragraphs about something
that happened in the past that is ongoing.
i.e. We have studied the Civil War for several weeks. The war
had started back in the late 1800’s.
Expressing Future Time
Future Tense of a verb is formed by using the helping verb will before
the main verb. The helping verb shall is sometimes used when the
subject is I or we.
Time words- tomorrow, next week, Thursday
Time words are used with the present tense to express future time.
Our show opens next week. Opens- present tense, next week -time
words.
Tomorrow we design scenery and rehearse.
Next Friday our show is opening. (In this sentence the present
progressive form is opening is used with the time words next Friday.)
Future perfect tense- names an action that will be completed before
another future event begins. It is formed by adding will have or shall
have before the past participle of a verb.
Thursday I shall have performed six times.
By next week the production will have closed.
In your copybook write a sentence using future tense and future
perfect tense verbs.
Active and Passive Voice
Active voice- subject performs the action of the verb.
Mrs. Sykes corrected the student.
Passive Voice- subject receives the action of the verb. Usually a
phrase
beginning with by follows the verb in the passive voice.
The student was corrected by Mrs. Sykes.
In the first sentence it seems that I am more important because I
am the
subject.
In the second sentence the student is more important because
he/she is
the subject.
The subject of an active sentence performs the
action of the verb: "I threw the ball. "
•The subject of a passive sentence is still the main character of
the sentence, but something else is performing the action: "I was
thrown from the horse[by the horse]."
Turn the following sentences into active voice sentences.
Dinner was made by a gourmet chef.
The car was driven by Mario Andreti.
Announcements were made by Sister Trudy.
Now turn the following sentences into passive sentences.
Mrs. Sykes assigned page 22 for homework.
Candice collected the pretzel money.
Mr. Tschopp sold lollipops.
Irregular verbs
Because there are so many turn to page 388 in your text.
Write a sentence for each of the following verbs in their past form.
shrink
keep
drink
sleep
spring
think
swim
win
Write a sentence for each of the following verbs in their past participle
form.
Begin
sing
teach
fight
write
speak
choose
eat