Download or “être”?

THE PERFECT TENSE IS USED
TO EXPRESS THE PAST. IT IS
TRANSLATED AS “DID” OR
“HAS DONE” IN ENGLISH.
IN FRENCH THERE ARE TWO
THINGS NEEDED TO FORM
THE PERFECT TENSE. THIS IS
SIMILAR TO HOW IT WORKS
IN ENGLISH.
THIS IS THE PERFECT TENSE IN ENGLISH
HE HAS DONE
SUBJECT
AUXILIARY
VERB
PAST
PARTICIPLE
TO FORM THE PERFECT TENSE IN
FRENCH, WE NEED AN AUXILIARY
VERB AND A PAST PARTICIPLE,
JUST AS IN ENGLISH.
THERE ARE TWO VERBS THAT ARE
USED AS AUXILIARY VERBS……
AVOIR
(TO HAVE)
AND
ÊTRE
(TO BE)
MOST VERBS USE “AVOIR” AS THE
AUXILIARY VERB, BUT SOME USE “ÊTRE”,
(WE’LL DEAL WITH THIS LATER)
HERE ARE THE PARTS OF AVOIR
J’AI
TU AS
IL/ELLE A
NOUS AVONS
VOUS AVEZ
ILS/ELLES ONT
I HAVE
YOU HAVE
HE/SHE HAS
WE HAVE
YOU HAVE
THEY HAVE
THE NEXT STEP IS
TO FORM A PAST
PARTICIPLE
HERE’S HOW ………
TAKE AN INFINITIVE
THIS IS
CALLED A
STEM
JOUER
FINIR
VENDRE
É
I
U
REMOVE
THE
ENDING
THESE ARE PAST PARTICIPLES
ADD ENDINGS
VERB ENDS
IN…………………
-ER
-IR
-RE
PAST PARTICIPLE
ENDS IN …………
É
I
U
LEARN THESE ENDINGS!!!
NOW YOU HAVE A PAST
PARTICIPLE IT IS COMBINED
WITH A PART OF “AVOIR” TO
FORM THE PERFECT TENSE
LET’S SEE HOW
J’AI
JOUÉ
= I PLAYED / I HAVE PLAYED
IL A
FINI
= HE FINISHED /
HE HAS FINISHED
NOUS AVONS
VENDU
= WE SOLD / WE HAVE SOLD
VOUS AVEZ
VISITÉ
= YOU VISITED /
YOU HAVE VISITED
THAT’S HOW TO DO
THE PERFECT TENSE.
HOWEVER THERE ARE
SOME OTHER RULES
YOU NEED TO KNOW…
NOT ALL VERBS FORM THEIR
PAST PARTICIPLES WITH THE
METHOD WE HAVE SEEN.
SOME VERBS HAVE “IRREGULAR”
PAST PARTICIPLES AND NEED TO
BE LEARNT
HERE ARE SOME IMPORTANT ONES
PAST
MEANING INFINITIVE PARTICIPLE
TO BE
TO DO/MAKE
TO KNOW
TO HAVE TO
TO BE ABLE TO
TO SEE
TO HAVE
ÊTRE
FAIRE
SAVOIR
DEVOIR
POUVOIR
VOIR
AVOIR
ÉTÉ
FAIT
SU
DÛ
PU
VU
EU
LEARN THESE PAST PARTICIPLES
REMEMBER EARLIER WE SAID
THERE ARE TWO VERBS WHICH
CAN BE USED AS AN AUXILIARY
VERB………
THERE ARE SOME VERBS
WHICH USE “ÊTRE” INSTEAD
OF “AVOIR”.
LET’S SEE HOW THIS WORKS……
THERE ARE 13 VERBS WHICH USE
“ÊTRE” AS THE AUXILIARY.
HERE THEY ARE………
Aller
Venir
Arriver
Partir
Rester
Retourner
Monter
Descendre
Entrer
S ortir
Naître
Mourir
Tomber
IT IS VERY IMPORTANT
TO LEARN THESE VERBS
FORTUNATELY THERE
ARE WAYS TO HELP……
Aller
Venir
A
Arriver
Partir
Retourner
Rester
Monter
Descendre
Entrer
S ortir
Naître
Mourir
Tomber
AARMEN
REMEMBERING THIS ODD SPELLING OF THE
WORD “AMEN” IS ONE WAY OF HELPING TO
REMEMBER THE “13 ÊTRE VERBS”.
IT ALSO HELPS TO REMEMBER THE
MEANINGS. DID YOU NOTICE HOW THE
VERBS WERE ARRANGED IN TWO COLUMNS?
THE MEANING OF THE VERB ON THE RIGHT
IS THE OPPOSITE OF THE VERB ON THE LEFT
LET’S HAVE A LOOK AT THEM AGAIN
TOMBER
ALLER
TO FALL
TO GO
ARRIVER
TO ARRIVE
RESTER
TO STAY
MONTER
TO GO UP
ENTRER
TO GO IN
NAÎTRE
TO BE BORN
AND “TOMBER” FALLS
DOWN BETWEEN THE
REST!!
VENIR
TO COME
PARTIR
TO LEAVE
RETOURNER
TO RETURN
DESCENDRE
TO GO DOWN
SORTIR
TO GO OUT
MOURIR
TO DIE
THERE ARE OTHER
WAYS TO HELP
REMEMBER THE 13
ÊTRE VERBS. HERE IS
ANOTHER POPULAR
WAY………
MONTER
M
VENIR
V
DESCENDRE
D
R
RETOURNER
PARTIR
P
R
RESTER
ALLER
A
ENTRER
E
ARRIVER
A
S
SORTIR
NAÎTRE
N
TOMBER
T
MOURIR
M
THE 13 VERBS ARE ALSO KNOWN
AS THE “MRS. VAN DE TRAMP”
VERBS
THESE 13 VERBS WORK IN THE
SAME WAY AS HOW WE SAW
PREVIOUSLY. FIRST YOU NEED TO
MAKE THE PAST PARTICIPLE BUT
THIS TIME IT IS COMBINED WITH
PARTS OF “ÊTRE” INSTEAD OF
“AVOIR”.
ONLY THREE OF THE 13 VERBS
HAVE AN IRREGULAR PAST
PARTICIPLE. HERE THEY ALL
ARE……
THE 13 “ÊTRE” VERBS AND THEIR
PAST PARTICIPLES
INFINITIVE
ALLER
PAST
PARTICIPLE
INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
ALLÉ
VENIR
VENU
ARRIVER
ARRIVÉ
PARTIR
PARTI
RESTER
RESTÉ
RETOURNER
RETOURNÉ
MONTER
MONTÉ
DESCENDRE
DESCENDU
ENTRER
ENTRÉ
SORTIR
SORTI
NAÎTRE
NÉ
MOURIR
MORT
TOMBER
TOMBÉ
THESE ARE THE IRREGULAR ONES
JE SUIS
TU ES
IL/ELLE EST
NOUS SOMMES
VOUS ÊTES
ILS/ELLES SONT
I AM
YOU ARE
HE/SHE IS
WE ARE
YOU ARE
THEY ARE
JE SUIS
= I WENT
ALLÉ
IL EST
= HE LEFT
PARTI
THERE IS ONE MORE IMPORTANT
THING THAT MUST BE DONE WHEN
USING THE PERFECT TENSE WITH
ÊTRE……
THE PAST PARTICIPLE MUST
AGREE WITH THE SUBJECT.
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN??
LET’S SEE
YOU WILL HAVE SEEN THE USE
OF AGREEMENTS BEFORE.
ADDING EXTRA LETTERS WHEN
DESCRIBING SOMETHING
FEMININE OR PLURAL. LIKE
THIS………
IL EST PETIT
ILS SONT PETITS
ELLE EST PETITE
ELLES SONT PETITES
THESE SAME AGREEMENTS ARE
ALSO USED WHEN USING ÊTRE
IN THE PERFECT TENSE
ELLE EST
ALLÉE
= SHE WENT
ILS SONT
ARRIVÉS
= THEY ARRIVED
ELLES SONT
RESTÉES
= THEY STAYED
ALSO ALL REFLEXIVE VERBS USE
ÊTRE IN THE PERFECT TENSE.
EG “SE LEVER” “SE REVEILLER”
ETC.
YOU FORM THE PERFECT TENSE
IN EXACTLY THE SAME WAY
BUT YOU MUST INCLUDE THE
CORRECT REFLEXIVE PRONOUN.
HERE IS HOW TO DO IT……
JE ME SUIS LEVÉ = I GOT UP
TU T’ES LEVÉ = YOU GOT UP
IL S’EST LEVÉ = HE GOT UP
ELLE S’EST LEVÉE = SHE GOT UP
NOUS NOUS SOMMES LEVÉS = WE GOT UP
VOUS VOUS ÊTES LEVÉS = YOU GOT UP
ILS SE SONT LEVÉS = THEY GOT UP
ELLES SE SONT LEVÉES = THEY GOT UP
AND THAT’S THE PERFECT
TENSE IN FRENCH. IT
MIGHT SEEM A LOT OF
INFORMATION TO
REMEMBER BUT EVERY TIME
YOU GO TO FORM A VERB
IN THIS TENSE THINK
ABOUT THE KEY STEPS………
FORM THE PAST
PARTICIPLE. IS IT
REGULAR OR IRREGULAR?
DOES THE VERB USE
“AVOIR” OR “ÊTRE”?
IF IT USES “ÊTRE”
DOES THE PAST
PARTICIPLE NEED TO
AGREE?