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Grammar Review
English 2 Honors
Miss Hill
Table of Contents
 Parts of Speech
 Parts of a Sentence
 The Phrase
 The Clause
 Suggestions for Review
Identify the parts of speech
 lovely
 adjective
 theirs
 pronoun
 humanity
 noun
 frantically
 adverb
 near
 preposition
 but
 conjunction
 wow
 interjection
Identify the parts of the sentence
 “It’s time you started bein’ a girl and acted
right!” - Chapter 12, To Kill a Mockingbird
Subject
Complete
(Compound)
Predicate
Identify the parts of the sentence
 “It’s time you started bein’ a girl and acted
right!” - Chapter 12, To Kill a Mockingbird
Subject
Direct Objects
Complete
(Compound)
Predicate
Classification of Sentences
 Declarative - makes a statement
 Interrogative - asks a question
 Imperative - gives a command, makes
request
 Exclamatory - expresses strong feeling
Identify the parts of the sentence
 “It’s time you started bein’ a girl and acted
right!” - Chapter 12, To Kill a Mockingbird
Subject
Direct Objects
Complete
(Compound)
Predicate
Exclamatory Sentence
The Phrase Types - Prepositional
 Prepositional - group of words beginning
with a preposition and ending with a noun
– Adjective - prepositional phrase that modifies a
noun or pronoun
– Adverb - prepositional phrase that modifies a
verb, an adjective, or another adverb
Identify the parts of the sentence
 “It’s time you started bein’ a girl and acted
right!” - Chapter 12, To Kill a Mockingbird
Subject
Direct Objects
Prepositional
Phrase
Complete
(Compound)
Predicate
Exclamatory Sentence
The Phrase Types - Verbal
 Verbal - phrase consisting of a verbal (act
like verbs, but not the predicate of a
sentence) and its complements or modifiers
– Participle - verb form used as adjective
• present participle - end in -ing - “waving”
• past participle - end in -ed, -d, -t, -en, -n - “talked”
– Participial phrase - phrase that contains a
participle and any complements or modifiers
The Phrase Types - Participial
 “Nodding his head, the defendant
acknowledged his guilt.”
Participle
Direct Object
Participial Phrase
The Phrase Types - Gerund
 Gerund - consists of a gerund (word ending
in -ing that is formed from a verb and used
as a noun) and any modifiers or
complements it may have
– can be the subject
– can take the place of any noun
– Ex - “Reading good books is using time
well.” (gerund phrases as subject and predicate
nominative)
The Phrase Types - Infinitive
 Infinitive - verb form, usually preceded by
to, that can be used as a noun or a modifier.
– “To err is human, to forgive is divine.”
 Infinitive Phrase - consists of an infinitive
and any complements or modifiers it may
have
– Unlike other verbals, an infinitive may have a
subject as well as complements and modifiers
Verbal Phrases
 Participial Phrases
 Gerund Phrases
 Infinitive Phrases
The Phrase Types - Appositive
 Appositive - noun or pronoun that follows
another noun or pronoun to identify or
explain it
 Appositive phrase - made up of an
appositive and its modifiers
– “Scout, the daughter of Atticus, was an
observant child.”
The Phrase Types
 Prepositional
 Verbal
– Participial
– Gerund
– Infinitive
 Appositive
Practice with Phrase Types
 The woman with the
 Prepositional phrase
cat is my sister.
 Grading papers is
what I like to do on
Sundays.
 Satisfied with their
revisions, the teacher
gave them all As.
used as an adjective
 Gerund phrase
 Past participial phrase
The Clause Types
 Independent Clauses
 Subordinate Clauses
– Adjective Clauses
– Noun Clauses
– Adverbial Clauses
Definition
 A clause is a group of words containing a
subject and a predicate that is used as part
of a sentence
– Independent clause - can stand on its own as a
simple sentence
– Subordinate clause - can NOT stand alone
Adjective Clauses
 Adjective clauses - subordinate clauses that
modify a noun or pronoun
– Often begin with relative pronouns
• relative pronouns - pronoun that begins a
subordinate clause and is related to another word or
idea
• “The president decorated the astronaut who had
orbited the earth.”
Noun Clauses
 Noun Clauses - subordinate clauses used as
a noun
– “That he was angry was evident.”
Adverbial Clauses
 Adverbial Clauses - subordinate clauses that
modify a verb, an adjective, or an adverb.
– “They sat down wherever they could find
seats.”
 Subordinating conjunction - conjunction
that begins an adverbial clause - joins the
clause to the rest of the sentence
– Ex. - after, although, since, so that
Sentence Structures
 Simple Sentence - 1 independent clause
 Compound Sentence - 2 or more independent
clauses, but no subordinate clauses
 Complex Sentence - 1 independent clause and
at least 1 subordinate clause
 Compound-Complex Sentence - 2 or more
independent clauses and at least 1 subordinate
clause
Suggestions for Test Review
 Review your notes
 Practice writing and identifying the various
types of sentences, clauses, phrases, etc.
 Go to grammar link on
www.blackboard.com under “external
links” and practice with site’s quizzes.
 Practice with the “Grammar Mastery
Review” on pp. 91-94 by Wednesday.
Ta Da!!!
If you do all of that, you should get an A!