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Focus On Grammar
Book 4, Part 6
Unit 13 [Subject Rel. Clauses]
& 14 [Object Rel. Clauses]
Units 13 & 14
1. Change the common element to a RP
2. Move the RP to the front of the Rel. Clause.
1. In Unit 13, subject RP, it’s already there
2. In Unit 14, object RP, it gets moved forward
3. Move the Rel. Clause after the common element
4. NOTES:
1. DO NOT repeat or leave a noun or pronoun at the end.
2. Possessive WHOSE  the noun moves with it.
Unit 13
• We really like the student. The student won
the prize.
– We really like the student (that/who) won the
prize.
• The student is a hard worker. The student won
the prize
– The student (that/who) won the prize is a hard
worker.
Unit 13
Possession and Rel. Clauses
• I like the man. His car is fast.
– I like the man whose car is fast.
• The man is hiding from the police. His car is
fast.
– The man whose car is fast is hiding from the
police.
Chapter 13
SVA (Subject Verb Agreement)
• Who, what, that  Subject in relative clause is
the same as the subject of the main clause.
– The students get sleepy. The students eat rice.
• The students who eat rice get sleepy.
• Whose  Subject in Main clause is a Relative
Possessive Adjective! Check for the subject in
the relative clause
– The student eats rice. His books are heavy.
– The student whose books are heavy eats rice.
Chapter 13
To comma, or not to comma
• No, not important = yes comma
– My brother, who lives in Media, is a nice guy.
• We know that I only have one brother.
– Only use WHO for people, WHICH for things
• Yes, important = no comma
– My brother who lives in Media is a nice guy.
• We know that I have two or more brothers, and only
one lives in Media.
– May use THAT, instead of WHO or WHICH
Chapter 13
• O.J. Simpson murdered Nicole in their Hollywood home in 1994.
– Nicole was a model and actress.
– O.J. Simpson was a former football star and actor.
– O.J.’s career ended after the trial.
– Nicole’s parents tried to get money from the estate.
Units 13 & 14
1. Change the common element to a RP
2. Move the RP to the front of the Rel. Clause.
1. In Unit 13, subject RP, it’s already there
2. In Unit 14, object RP, it gets moved forward
3. Move the Rel. Clause after the common element
4. NOTES:
1. DO NOT repeat or leave a noun or pronoun at the end.
2. Possessive WHOSE  the noun moves with it.
Chapter 14
• Remember:
– SVA
– The noun/pronoun is GONE from the old location
– Comma?
• Yes, important  No comma
• Not important  Yes, comma
• Sometimes, the RP is deleted
– Only for Object RP
– No deletion with commas (not important)
• The books I found were old.
• Students businesses hire study hard.
• Two locations for a preposition
Chapter 14
• O.J. Simpson murdered Nicole in their Hollywood home in 1994.
– Ron Goldman had fallen in love with Nicole.
– I used to watch O.J. Simpson play football.
– My brother has O.J.’s picture on his wall.
– Julia Roberts bought the home for $15 million.
– There were many guns in their home.
– The police found Nicole’s car at the bottom of a lake.
– I wasn’t even born in 1994!