* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download How to Form Present Participles
Japanese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Eastern Lombard grammar wikipedia , lookup
French grammar wikipedia , lookup
Sanskrit grammar wikipedia , lookup
Macedonian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Esperanto grammar wikipedia , lookup
Chinese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Navajo grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Irish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Lexical semantics wikipedia , lookup
Udmurt grammar wikipedia , lookup
Polish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Modern Hebrew grammar wikipedia , lookup
Germanic weak verb wikipedia , lookup
Old English grammar wikipedia , lookup
Georgian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Portuguese grammar wikipedia , lookup
Hungarian verbs wikipedia , lookup
Germanic strong verb wikipedia , lookup
Pipil grammar wikipedia , lookup
Old Norse morphology wikipedia , lookup
Turkish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Spanish verbs wikipedia , lookup
Swedish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Sotho verbs wikipedia , lookup
Kagoshima verb conjugations wikipedia , lookup
English clause syntax wikipedia , lookup
English passive voice wikipedia , lookup
Lithuanian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Serbo-Croatian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Icelandic grammar wikipedia , lookup
Yiddish grammar wikipedia , lookup
Italian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Kannada grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ancient Greek grammar wikipedia , lookup
Ukrainian grammar wikipedia , lookup
Danish grammar wikipedia , lookup
How to Form Present Participles 1. Go to the second principal part, and drop the ‘-re’. 2. Add: Nom. Gen. Dat. Accus. Abl. -ns -ntis -nti -ntem (-ns) -nti /-nte -ntes (-ntia) -ntium -ntibus -ntes (-ntia) -ntibus -io Verb Exception 1. Go to the second principal part, and drop the ‘-ere’ or the ‘-ire’ 2. Add: Nom. Gen. Dat. Accus. Abl. -iens -ientis -ienti -ientem (-iens) -ienti /-iente -ientes (-ientia) -ientium -ientibus -ientes (-ientia) -ientibus 1. I see the dog. 2. The dog is seen by me. ACTIVE verb PASSIVE verb 3. The dog hearing the whistle ACTIVE participle 4. The whistle heard by the dog PASSIVE participle And with an active participle, the noun is the ACTOR / DOER of the participle. With a passive participle, the noun is ACTED UPON by the participle. How to form the Perf. Pass. Partic. • Go to the 4th Principal Part (which is the Neuter Nom. Sing. PPP) • Drop the ‘-um’ ending and add any 1st/2nd Declension Adjective Ending (like bonus, bona, bonum) The Perfect Passive Participle (Sing) laudo, are, avi, laudatum Masc Fem Neut Nomin. laudatus laudata laudatum Gen. laudati laudatae laudati Dat. laudato laudatae laudato Accus laudatum laudatam laudatum Abl laudato laudatā laudato The Perfect Passive Participle (Plur) laudo, are, avi, laudatum Masc Fem Neut Nomin. laudati laudatae laudata Gen. laudatorum laudatarum laudatorum Dat. laudatis laudatis laudatis Accus laudatos laudatas laudata Abl laudatis laudatis laudatis Deponent Verbs There is a category of verbs that are PASSIVE in form but ACTIVE in their meaning. They’re called Deponent Verbs. As a result a Perfect Passive Participle with one of these verbs has an ACTIVE meaning, and they happen prior to the main verb. Examples of Deponent Participles: 1. ingressus (having entered) 2. regressus (having returned) 3. precatus (having prayed) 4. conspicatus (having caught sight of) 5. locutus (having spoken) 6. adeptus (having obtained)