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Chapter 5-1 Notes The Culture of Ancient Greece I. Greek Gods and Goddesses A. Zeus: King of the Gods. God of the sky, rain, and lightening. B. Hera: Goddess of marriage. C. Hades: God of the Underworld. D. Poseidon: God of the sea and earthquakes. E. Artemis: Goddess of the Hunt and wild animals. Twin sister of Apollo. F. Apollo: God of Light. G. Athena: Goddess of wisdom. Protector of cities. H. Hermes: Messenger of the Gods. God of the market. I. Ares: God of War. J. Aphrodite: Goddess of love and beauty. II. Lives of The Greek Gods A. B. C. Lived on Mount Olympus, the highest mountain in Greece. The Greeks believed that they controlled the forces of nature. Greeks also believed they married, had children, quarreled, played tricks on each other, and fought wars. D. Myths: Traditional Stories about gods and heroes. E. Oracle: A sacred shrine where a priest or priestess spoke for a god or goddess. F. Delphi: Site where the most famous oracle was. III. Poetry and Fables Homer: Wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey. B. Aesop: Made up fables. In his fables animals talked and act like people. One of his best known fables is The A. Homer Tortoise and the Hare. “sour grapes”. Oral tradition Aesop C. Epics: Long poems told about heroic deeds. D. Iliad and Odyssey: The first great epics of early Greece. Written by Homer. Were based on stories of a war between Greece and the city of Troy, which once existed in what is today northwestern Turkey. E. Fable: A short tale that teaches a lesson. F. Drama: A story told by actors who pretended to be characters in the story. 1. Actors speak, show emotions, and imitate the actions of the characters they represent. G. Tragedy: A story about a person who struggles to overcome difficulties but fails. As a result the story has an unhappy ending. H. Comedy: The story ends happily. Today we use the term comedy to refer to a story filled with humor. Bell Ringer Homer wrote what two stories? What is a short tale that teaches a lesson? What are traditional stories about Gods and heroes? Where did the Greek Gods and Goddesses live? IV. People To Remember A. B. Aristophanes: The best known writer of Greek Comedies. Included jokes, made fun of people. Aeschylus: Was the first to introduce the idea of having two actors. He also introduced costumes, props, and stage decorations. His most famous work was Aristophanes Aeschylus C. Sophocles: A general and a writer of plays. He used three actors in his stories. His works were Oedipus Rex and Antigone. D. Euripides: His characters were more down to earth. His plots try to show a real interest in real life situations. V. Greek Art and Architecture A. Greeks wanted people to see reason, moderation, balance, and harmony in their work. B. Most Greek pottery used red and black colors. C. Greeks used columns to support buildings. D. Greeks tried to make their sculptures of the human body to show their ideal version of perfection and beauty.