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Chapter 8 Section 3 Notes Greek Mythology and Literature 1 2 Myths Explain the World Ancient Greeks were polytheistic Used myths about their gods to explain natural or historical events (religion explains what they do not understand) 3 Greek Gods Greeks did not have scientific understanding of Thunder Earthquakes Volcanic eruptions Believed gods caused such events They created myths to explain why the gods caused these events. 4 Zeus King of the gods of Mount Olympus 5 Hera Queen of the gods Sister and Wife of Zeus 6 Poseidon god of the seas brother of Zeus 7 Hades god of the underworld brother of Zeus 8 Hermes the messenger god 9 Demeter – goddess of agriculture Hestia – goddess of the hearth Athena – goddess of wisdom Apollo – god of the sun Artemis – goddess of the moon Ares – god of war Aphrodite – goddess of love Hephaestus – god of metalworking Dionysus – god of celebration 10 Gods and Mythology Greeks thought the gods caused natural disasters Also felt they caused daily events Sunrise and sunset Seasons changing Built temples to keep the gods happy 11 Heroes and Mythology Not all myths were about gods Some were about heroes Each city had a favorite hero Most Famous was Hercules Killed the hydra 12 Homer and Epic Poetry Homer wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey The Iliad is the story of the last years of the Trojan War The Odyssey is the story of Odysseus’ journey home from the Trojan War and the challenges he faced 13 Lyric Poetry Poems that were set to music Called Lyric poetry because the music was played on a lyre Sappho was the most famous female lyrical poet of all Greece 14 Fables Fables are stories that teach a lesson or give advice how to live Aesop was famous for his fables (even today) The main characters are usually animals and they live and behave like humans The Boy Who Cried Wolf The Ants and the Grasshopper The Tortoise and the Hare 15 Greek Literature Lives Much of the literature produced by the Ancient Greeks is still popular today 16 Language Many of our words come from the Greeks Many places in world are named for figures in Greek Mythology Greek mythology has inspired artist for hundreds of years Trojans have roots in mythology
