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Introduction to Homer, the Epic Poem, Mythology, and The Odyssey A _______ is a traditional or legendary story, usually concerning some being or hero or event, with or without a determinable basis of fact or a natural explanation, esp. one that is concerned with deities or gods and explains some practice, rite, or phenomenon of nature. Mythology is simply the study of myth or a body of myths (most commonly referred to as Greek mythology). Mythology • The people of ancient Greece shared stories called myths about the gods, goddesses, and heroes in which they _____________. • Each god or goddess was worshipped as a deity and ruled over certain areas of the Greeks’ lives. Greek Mythology 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Explained the ____________ Justified __________ practices Gave ________ to leaders Gave ________ ____________ (more than one god) Centered around the _________ Olympians (primary Greek gods) The Myths – Why they were written • The Ancient Greek culture has been kept alive by the ________ and later written stories handed down through thousands of years. • Modern plays, novels, television programs, movies and even advertisements refer to Greek gods, goddesses, heroes and their stories. • Adventurous and exciting stories delight and entertain us. Why should we study mythology? _______ – leader of the Greek gods and is god of the sky, carried thunderbolt _______- wife of Zeus, queen of gods, childbirth, marriage _______ – god of the sea, earthquakes, horses and was the brother of Zeus _______ – god of the underworld, brother of Zeus and Poseidon _______ – goddess of war and peace, daughter of Zeus _______ – goddess of love and beauty _______ – messenger of the gods _______ (Helios) – god of sunlight, music, poetry, medicine, etc. _______ – god of fire, craftspeople, metalworkers _______ – goddess of the harvest, fertility, agriculture _______ – goddess of the hearth, home, and community _______ – goddess of hunting and the moon The 12 Olympians (Main Greek gods and goddesses) Composed and recited poems around ______ B.C. All were told and never written down by him. Probably ______ and __________ Most famously noted for the epic poem The Illiad and The Odyssey. Homer (Not that yellow guy who is Bart’s father) Focuses on the _______ War. War begins when Prince Paris of Troy steals the gorgeous Helen of Greece from her husband King Melanous the King of Greece. The Greeks are referred to as ________ and are led by Achilles and Odysseus. Battle lasts _______ years and is eventually won by the Achaeans (Greeks) Trojan Horse – created by ___________. The Illiad Revolves around Odysseus’s journey home to Ithaca. Elements of an Epic Poem ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Long narrative poem Speaker is a narrator Setting is huge (sea, region, world, universe) Main character often a hero The action normally involves superhuman deeds. ◦ Gods or supernatural beings take a part in the action. ◦ Purpose is to teach and inspire. The Odyssey