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Development of Feudalism
Back to the Roman Empire
• Rome was the most
powerful empire the
world had ever seen.
• Its architecture was
Hellenistic and its road
system was as
impressive as that of
the Inca in S. America
Roman Empire at its height 117 C.E.
Roman legal accomplishments
• Rome had a republican
democracy sometimes
• Rome had a senate
where patricians could
represent people
Rule of Law
• It means nobody is
above the law, not
the king, not the
senate, not the
people, not the
police.
• Laws are written
down and must be
respected
Fall of Rome
• Rome was besieged by
various tribes from modern
day Germany and France.
•
• The Huns, Visigoths,
Vandals, Goths, and
Ostrogoths were all
invading
•
Germanic Peoples
Roman empire overran by Germanic groups with repeated
invasions and constant warfare
• Breakdown of trade: money became scarce.
• Cities abandoned – no longer center of economy or
administration
• Population became rural.
• Decline of literacy – priests and other church officials
were the few that were literate.
• Breakup of unified empire – language began to
change. No longer Latin.
• End of Democracy
Franks
Lombards
Visigoths
A World Without Rome
•German invasions destroy the Roman Empire
•Money no longer used
–Decline in Trade
•Most people remained in the village of their birth
–No more cities
–Decline of learning
–Loss of common language
–No central government
–So who protects the people?
The only institution left standing was the Christian
Church!
End of Democracy
Rome
• Unified by loyalty to public government and
written law
• Orderly government
Germanic
• Family ties and personal loyalty
• People lived in small communities governed by unwritten
rules and traditions
• Ruled by a Chief who led a band or warriors loyal only to
him – not some emperor they’d never seen
Tribal Warfare
No central gov’t
Fall
of
Rome
Weak local gov’ts
Cities disappeared
Money is no longer
used
Trade collapsed
Advances made by
Greece & Rome forgotten
Literacy declined
Dark
Ages
in W.
Europe
Let’s see some of the differences between the two groups, and how it
led to Feudalism
Bararbians
Roman Empire
Concept of Government Changes
Rome
• Loyalty to public government / empire
• Large cities
• Written laws
• Elected (usually) officials rule
• Centralized Government – all parts of
the empire run the same way
Germanic Kingdoms
• Family ties and personal loyalty.
• Small communities.
• Government by unwritten rules
and traditions.
• Chief leads a band of warriors,
who have given a pledge of
loyalty.
• *Germanic stress on
personal ties made it
impossible to establish
orderly government for large
territories.
EXTRA-CREDIT:
Journal Entry/ Acrostic Poem
• Write a journal entry in the voice of a
peasant.
– Describe your living condition and how you feel
about your life and your future.
• Create an Acrostic Poem- Fill in the line that
begins with each letter. Poem should be about
how the barbarians invasions led to the need
of protection.
Basic Situation
• Because the Western Empire Fell, Europe lacks
a strong central government
• People need protection from invading tribes
• Christianity: Franks→Clovis
Power of the Church
While the Roman Empire declined the Church remained
• Missionaries succeeded in spreading Christianity
• Adapted to rural conditions by building monasteries –
religious communities
• Rules established by Benedict
• Became best educated communities
•Only literate people.
• Shared belief bonded the people together
• The church served as a stable force as well as social center
Missionaries converted the
barbarian
•Polytheism
•The barbairans of northern
Europe were pagans.
•They believed in
polytheism- the worship of
many gods.
•They worshipped a god of
war, a god of thunder, a
goddess of fertility, etc.
•It was downright
dangerous to challenge the
religions ideas of a warrior!
Monotheism
•Christians believed in monotheism- the
worship of one God.
•Missionaries converted the barbarians to
Christianity.
•There are many barbarian tribes and
kingdoms, the Church was a unifying
force:
•Everybody began to worship the same
God.
St. Augustine
• Augustine was a monk who headed a
monastery in Rome, Italy.
• In 596, the Pope sent him (and a group of
monks) to England.
• Their mission: To establish the Christian
Church and convert people to Christianity.
St. Augustine
• Augustine established a church at Cantebury.
• From there ,he sent out missionaries to convert the
Anglo-Saxons to Christianity.
• The wandering monks converted THOUSANDS of
people to Christianity.
• Why?
– Anglo-Saxons liked Christian Bible stories like Moses, the
Exodus, etc.
– They were impressed by the solemnity of the Christian
Church.
• In 601, Augustine became the first Archbishop of
Canterbury.
Missionaries converted barbarian
Kings
• The Franks: The first Kings to
embrace Christianity
• In 500, Clovis converted to
Christianity.
– He was the first (but no the last)
Germanic king to embrace Christianity.
– As a result, all of his warriors converted
to Christianity.
European Empire Evolves
After the decline of the Roman Empire small kingdoms
sprang up all over Europe.
The largest and the strongest was controlled by the
Franks
• Lead by Clovis – first Christian king
• Area that is now France
• Greatest king was Charlemagne
• most powerful king in Western Europe
• encouraged learning
From the top down!
First they converted the barbarian kings.
The Franks (German barbarians living in modern day France)
were the first barbarians to embrace Christianity-because their kings
converted to Christianity.
1. In 500, Clovis converted to Christianity. He was the first barbarian king to
embrace
2. Christianity. As a result, all of his warriors converted to Christianity.
3. In 700, Charles ("The Hammer") Martel made war on the Muslims.
4. In 732, he defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours. By winning, he
5. stopped the Muslims for conquering France and ensured that Western
Europe would
6. be Christian.
7. In 750, Pepin the Short made war on barbarians in Italy (The Lombards).
8. Heturned land in Rome over to the pope. Ever since, the pope has lived in
the Vatican.
9. In 800, Charlemagne ("Charles the Great") made an alliance with the
Christian Church. He defended the Church from attacks and spread
Christianity. Christian priests followed his army, preaching the Gospel and
converting people along the way. In return, the pope crowned him king.
Clovis
Leader of the Franks
466-511
• Clovis – Frankish leader
• Becomes a Christian
– Leads to increased ties to
Church
– Gains more power for his
tribe
– Frankish kingdom grows
3 Frankish Kings:
Charles Martel(father)
Pepin (son)
Charlemagne (grandson)
Charles Martel
• AKA The Hammer
• Worried about the rapid spread of Islam
• In order to help raise an army, he gave land to
those who would fight for him
• Army was called the “Vassals of the Lord”
• In 732, leads the Franks in their defeat of
Muslim armies at The Battle of Tours
Charles Martel
a.k.a. Charles “the Hammer”
• Frankish king after Clovis
• Defeats the Muslims at the
Battle of Tours in 732 A.D.
– Europe will be Christian, not
Muslim
– How might history have been
different if he had
lost the battle?
The Rapid Spread of Islam During the Middle
Ages
3. The Battle of Tours
- In
732 CE, the Franks defeated the Muslims in
Spain.
• This stopped Muslims from advancing into
W. Europe.
DON’T WRITE THIS
Christians did not want Islam to spread into Europe,
even though they learned science and math from
Arab Muslims.
EXTRA-CREDIT:
Battle of Tours
October 10, 732
Create a propaganda poster to recruit soldiers to
join the fight.
Who:
What:
Why:
Pepin The Short 741-768
• Charles’ son
• Had a close relationship with the Pope
• The Pope asked Pepin for protection from a surrounding
Germanic tribe called the Lombards
• The Pope came to France to officially crown Pepin King of
the Franks
• Pepin defeated the Lombards and gave the land to the
Pope- territory called the Papal States or Vatican
• These events cemented a strong relationship between
the Pope and Frankish Kings
Pepin the Short
• Crowned king of the Franks by the Pope
– gives some land to Pope
• The Papal States
• Shows increasing influence of the Pope in
politics
• Ever since, the Pope has lived on these lands.
Today, the Pope’s land is called the Vatican.
Charlemagne
•“Char le magna”
•Charles the Great
•Frankish king
•Builds greatest empire since Ancient
Rome.
•Spreads Christianity through
conquests.
•Reunites Europe for the first time
since the Roman Empire.
Charlemagne or Charles the Great: 768-814
• Became king of all
Frankish territory at 29
• Carolingian Dynasty is
named after him
• Great military leader and
a smart, organized ruler
• Very intelligent, but
struggled all his life to
learn to read and write
• Deeply religious Christian
• Was 6’ 4” tall, athletic,
• 4 wives; 18 children
The Pope Was in a Pinch
• In 795 the Pope Adrian had died
• Pope Leo III was elected to be the new pope
• There was controversy over his election; many did
not support him and wanted him out
• He was overthrown and driven out of Rome
• Came to Charlemagne for help
• Charlemagne put the Pope back into power
800 AD: Christmas Day
• Pope Leo III crowned
Charlemagne “Holy Roman
Emperor”
• But this sends a message
that the Pope is more
powerful than the Emperor
• It ties the Emperor to the
Church; the Holy Roman
Emperor must protect the
Church
• Set up future power
struggles between rulers
and popes
Activity
• Charlemagne and Pope Adrian
• Charlemagne and Pope Leo III
Recreate Charlemagne’s diary. Discuss his
interactions and feelings with these two Pope’s.
Links:
• http://medievaleurope.mrdonn.org/popeadrian.
html
• http://medievaleurope.mrdonn.org/popeleo.htm
l
Charlemagne Expands his Empire
Charlemagne's Empire: 814 A.D
• United most of Western Europe
– Areas of France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland
• First time that Western Europe was united since the Fall
of Western Rome
Achievements of Charlemagne
• Spread Christianity
• Encouraged learning
• Built roads, bridges, and
defensive structures
• Fairer laws
• Split land into counties
• Used Missi Domenicispies that made sure his
officials were ruling
properly
Helped centralize
power in Europe
Helped Christian
Church spread
Collected
Taxes.
Expanded the
lands of the
Franks.
Charlemagne’s
“Holy Roman
Empire”
Established
more
monastaries
Borrowed ideas
from the old
Roman Empire
Charlemagne’s Government
•
•
•
•
•
Expanded the lands of the Franks.
Helped centralize power in Europe.
Helped Christian Church spread.
Collected taxes (tithes.)
Helped Church establish schools and
monasteries
• Borrowed ideas from old Roman empire.
•Charlemagne’s
Empire was divided
up after his death
•His sons mess
everything up.
•Europe regresses
backwards again
End of the Empire
• The fighting that took place after Charlemagne
ended the Carolingian Dynasty
• Series of wear rulers helped strengthen
FEUDALISM
– Wimpy kings and division of land caused folks to be
loyal to local lords instead
– Like in Japan- when people became loyal to the
daimyo over the emperor
Rising Action
• 700’s Charlemagne tries to create an empire
• He leads neighboring kingdoms to war and
conquered them
• Charlemagne crowned emperor of Holy
Roman Empire
• He shares common bonds (Christianity)
Rising Action - Continued
•
•
•
•
Frankish KINGS can’t defend kingdoms
Nobles must defend lands (manors)
William the conqueror introduces feudalism
Nobles remain loyal to kings, but rule their
own lands
Conflict
• Muslim, Magyars, Vikings invade Europe
When Vikings Attack!
The Viking Age: Circa 800-1100
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/vikings/runes.html
Viking 101
• Boys
– Sent away from home at five and learned:
– To fight with spears, knives, and battle axes
– Sailing, navigation, how to build and repair
ships
– Family trade or farming techniques
• Girls
– Learned to run the farm and the household
– If strong enough they were also trained as
warriors
Viking Weaponry
• Fear- blood red sails and
serpent carvings on boat
scared their victims
• Battle-Axe- one to throw,
one to carry
• Other weapons- archers
and excellent swords
• Weapons were also a sign
of social class
• Berserker- extremely
fierce (to the point of
insane) Viking warriors
• Viking helmets did
not have horns!!!
• Vikings are credited
with inventing
chain mail
Results of Viking Raids
• Vikings eventually settle down and mix with the
people of the British Isles and France
• The system of Feudalism is strengthened
• Feudalism- Peasants work and pay taxes in
exchange for land to farm and protection
• France gives them a large piece of land:
Normandy
• Normandy- is named after the French word
Viking: Norsemen or North Men
Map #1
Map #2
1066, William the Conqueror,
Battle of Hastings
Websites:
• http://www.allabout1066.net/
• http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/england
_medieval.htm
Climax
• In 1066 Battle of Hastings (England)
Possible activities: newspaper article, Battle of
Hastings website game
Falling Actions
• Feudalism spreads throughout Europe
(England)
– Knights are given land
– People live on manors, not in towns
Resolution/Denouement
• Big Idea/Theme (Role of Gov.)
– Need for safety and stability leads to abuse of
individuals
– Feudalism is more important than individual rights
(peasants)
– Who should have more power: kings or pope? –
activity
– Predictions for future events?