Download The Middle Ages - Mr. Lilly

The Early
Middle
Ages
SOL WHI.11
Early Middle Ages in Europe
 Early
Middle Ages- 400-800.
 Unofficial ending of Roman Empire (476
C.E.) start of Middle Ages.

Rome was in ruins.
 Germanic
Empire.

tribes control former Roman
Constantly at war.
 Middle
Ages = Dark Ages = Medieval Age
Germanic Tribes
 Ostrogoths
- Italy
 Franks - Northern Gaul (France)
 Burgundians - Southern France/Switzerland
 Visigoths - Southern Gaul and Spain
 Vandals - Africa
 Angles and Saxons - England
 Magyars – Northeast Europe
Franks
 Franks
would emerge as the most
powerful of these tribes.
 In the 500’s Clovis united the
Franks.


stretched his kingdom throughout
Gaul (modern-day France).
Converted to Christianity.
 Gained
support from Roman
Catholic Church
Franks
 As
a result from the threat of Muslim
attacks, the Franks reunited under
Charles Martel, the son of Pepin the
Middle.
 Charles
Martel (714-741) defeated
the Muslims in 732 at the Battle of
Tours.
Charlemagne
 Charles
the Great
(Charlemagne) took over.

Grandson of Charles Martel.
 In
800, Charlemagne helped
put down a rebellion in Rome
led by Roman nobles.
Reason
 On
Christmas Day of 800,
Charlemagne was crowned
“Emperor of Rome” by Pope
Leo III.
Charlemagne as Emperor
 Charlemagne
helped to unite most of Europe
under Christianity and single government.

Had support of Roman Catholic Church.
 He
tried to reestablish the Roman Empire.
 While this was unsuccessful he did have some
accomplishments:


He spread Christianity.
He promoted Education and Learning.
Charlemagne as Emperor
 Charlemagne
died in 814.
 After
his death his grandsons divided up the
empire into three smaller empires (Treaty of
Verdun).
 Remembered
for blending traditions of Romans,
Germans, and Christians. (cultural diffusion)
Charlemagne Song
After song, look over notes for
mini review
Mini Review
 Who
took over the old Roman Empire lands?
(General answer)
 Locations of the Anglo-Saxons and Franks.
 Charles Martel tribe
 Charles Martel defeated who and where?
 Who crowned Charlemagne emperor of
Rome?

WHY?
 Treaty
of Verdun
Viking (intro vid)
What comes to mind?
Vikings
 Vikings
were a group of people
that came from Northern
Europe. (Scandinavia)
 They were not a united group of
people.
 One leader would get together
several ships and some people
and go on a raid.
 They were very skilled on water.
 Throughout the late 700’s
through the 900’s they wreaked
havoc on Europe.
Vikings (videos)
 Vikings
used long wooden ships that
allowed them to go far inland on streams
and rivers.
Who else, besides the Vikings, were known
for their sailing abilities?
Vikings
Europe in Trouble
 Following
the fall of Charlemagne’s
empire, invasions occurred throughout
Europe.

Europe was invaded by Magyars, Vikings,
and Muslims.
 This
led to people needing to defend their
lands and homes.

As a result, feudalism began.
Feudalism (Video)
 Feudalism
is a social system where king’s give
nobles fiefs (land) in exchange for soldiers to serve
the king. Nobles give the land to vassals to
manage, who distribute the work to serfs (peasants)
in exchange for protection.

The land lords were granted by the king was known as
a fief.
 Manors
- villages which made up the kingdom of
the king.
How did a Feudal society develop in Europe during
the Middle Ages?
Feudal Society
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
King - monarch who ruled the kingdom.
Lords/Nobles - controlled manors and pledged
loyalty and soldiers to the king.
Vassals - lesser lords who managed the manors
or fiefs.
Knights – horseback warriors who protected the
land of the lords.
Serfs/Peasants – lived on and worked the land
owned by vassals.
Write this
Write this
How did the medieval manor function as a social and
economical system?
Feudal Life
 Lords
had knights who defended their land.
 Also
powerful Lords fortified their homes to
withstand attack.

These fortified homes were known as castles.
What do you think?
1.
Why do you think people built castles during the
Middle Ages?
2.
Who do you think lived inside castles?
3.
What do you think the land around castles was
used for?
4.
Why do you think people stopped building
castles?
Castles
 Most

lords had a small castle.
They provided shelter as well as protection for people
on the manor.
 Defensive
 Kings
structures
had larger castles designed to protect
people of the kingdom.
 Large towers.
 Most had drawbridges over a moat (ditch
surrounding castle)
 Castles also included chapels, since religion was
important during the middle ages.
VIDEO
Knights and Chivalry
 Once
someone became knighted they
became protectors of their king.
 Knights
had to live by a strict code known as
chivalry.

Meant being an honorable, brave, loyal and true
to their word.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yO28lnjtsQc
Mini Review 2
1. Describe Viking Ships
2. Land granted to vassals
3. Main purpose of the creation of Feudalism
4. Peasant in the Feudal System were known as:
5. Controlled manors and pledged loyalty to the king.
6. Lesser lords who managed manors or fiefs.
The Medieval Church
 The
Catholic Church played an important role in
Medieval life.
 Because
of hardships of everyday life, Christian
teachings brought hopes of salvation (saved
from sin) to people.

The church held the path to salvation.
 Great
deal of power.
The Medieval Church
 The
church also played a critical role in politics

Educated church officials advised kings and nobles.

The pope became one of the most powerful figures in
the world.
The Medieval Church
 Under
Pope Gregory I(the Great) the
church began sending missionaries
throughout Europe.

England and Germany.

They converted people and this began
the church hierarchy.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcJgB94KQOM
Church Hierarchy
POPE
Cardinals
Bishops
Priests/monks
Feudalism vs. The Church
 Feudalism
threatened the power of the Church.
WHY/HOW?
 This led to clashes between the Pope and rulers
of Europe.

To combat this Pope Gregory VII issued the
Dictatus Papae.
 This
sought to give the Pope universal power through
the church and the power to throw-out rulers of
Christian countries.
Church Life
 In
monasteries monks and nuns preserved
education.

This led to church officials becoming
intelligent (smart) leaders
 Churches
also set up schools to educate
young men for church service.
When Europe comes out of the Dark Ages,
where do you think people will turn for
education and inspiration?
Benedictine Rule
 530
a monk named Benedict organized the
monastery of Monte Cassino in Southern Italy.

He set up rules to regulate monastery life.
 Under
the Benedictine Rule monks and nuns took
three vows.



Obedience to the abbot or abbess (head monk or
head nun)
Live in Poverty
Chastity – no sexual relations
Cathedrals
 Cathedrals
were built in a style that
became known as “Gothic”.


They were known for their high ceilings and
large windows.
They were built tall so that they could reach
the heavens and remind people of the
power of God.
Cathedrals
 Cathedrals
were always built in the shape
of a cross with the alter pointing towards
the north.


To the east was a stained glass window that
was illuminated in the morning.
To the west was a stained glass window
that was illuminated in the evening.