Download Feudalism

Medieval Europe
Subheading goes here
Feudalism and Manorialism
• Famous People
– Charlemagne
– William the Conqueror
– Hugh Capet
Feudalism
• Middle Ages – period of time between the
fall of the Roman Empire and the
Renaissance
• Feudalism – provides protection for the
people and a way to organize the
government
– How. . . . . . . . . . . .
Feudalism
Monarch
Monarchs gave pieces of land (fief) to
nobles in return for their loyalty
Nobles
Nobles had to raise armies of knights
and soldiers to defend the monarch –
also paid yearly payments to the monarch
Knights
Knights were to defend their lord
and his lands against attack – paid
annual payments to the lord
Serfs
Lowest group – had to pay
yearly rent to their lords
Feudalism
• Chivalry
– Code of behavior everyone was supposed
to follow but especially the knights
• Treat prisoners with respect and well being
• Defend women, children, the sick and the
elderly
• Women were given a special place of honor but
still lacked many of the rights men had
• Is chivalry dead
Manorialism
• Manorialism – Europe’s economic
system
– Manors
• Most people in the early middle ages lived and
farmed here
• A typical noble and his family lived in a large house
on the manor
• The serfs would work on the lord’s land for
three days every week
– Serfs had to pay the lord in crops
– Serfs had to pay to use the manor’s mill (no other choice)
Manorialism
• Manors
– Serfs
• Nobles held their own court to try serfs accused of
crimes
• If a serf wanted to leave the manor the lord had
to give permission
• Serfs and Slaves – NOT SIMILAR
– Serfs could not be bought or sold
Roman Catholic Church
• Almost everyone in Western Europe
was a member of the Roman Catholic
Church
– With the exception of Muslims in Spain and a
group of Jews
• The church taught common people to
obey rules and the soul was more
important than the body
– Hardships in life would earn them entry into
heaven
Roman Catholic Church
• Parish
– Priest led the parish in prayer and offered mass
– A group of parishes made up a diocese
• Bishop
– Led the diocese
– A group of diocese was called a province
• Archbishop
– Led the province
• Cardinals
• Pope – head of the Church
Roman Catholic Church
• Pope’s Power
– More important than any monarchy
• Emperor of Germany – Henry IV was appointed
unapproved men to Church positions
• Pope Gregory VII demanded Henry travel to Italy
and ask for forgiveness
• Emperor showed up dressed in a burlap robe and
no shoes – pope refused to see him for three days
in the cold before he agreed to talk with him
CHANGING TIMES
Changing Times
• The Crusades
– Goal – recapture the Holy Land from the
Muslims
– Why Fight?
• Stopped constant warfare among Europeans
• Pope promised forgiveness of sins and
everlasting salvation to those who died fighting
– Outcome
• Eight Crusades
– Last four loss all territory that was gained in the first four
crusades
The Crusades
• Unintended consequences of the
Crusades
– Italian trading cities became wealthy
– Interest in travel and seeing faraway
places
– Persecution of Jews and Muslims
intensified
• Attacked as unbelievers
Increasing Trade
• Early Middle Ages
– Most people were farmers who made whatever they
needed
• Trading System
– Barter System
• Growth of trade made this impractical
• Money Economy – merchants wanted gold or silver
coins
• Capitalism
– Merchants borrowed money from banks and after
voyages they would pay the banks back
– Capitalism – private ownership of production for
the purpose of making money
Bubonic Plague
• Unintended consequence of global trading
– Black Death
• Infected fleas lived on rats
• People became infected when bitten by infected
fleas
• In 5 years 38 million out of 75 million of
Europeans died from the Plague
• Pause - Song
Rise of Cities
• Growth of trade resulted in cities
growing
– Merchants would begin the settlements
• Often chose a place near a castle where they
could arrange protection from the lord – for a small
fee
– Lords would sell rights to the towns and
give them a charter
• This would spell out the rights of the citizens
Guilds
• Guilds
– Organization of merchants or craft workers
who came together to protect their economic
interests
• Set working hours, prices for goods
– Train New Workers
• Apprentice – worked for the master for seven
years without pay
• Journeyman – worked for wages but not an expert
– Create a masterpiece
» Guild members would decide if the journeyman was
ready to become a master
Rise of the Middle Class
• Major reason for the decline of
Manorialism and Feudal society
– Lords need money
• Serfs were only paying in crops
• Tenant Farmers
– Middle Class
• Merchants, traders, and craft workers
Hating on the Middle Class
• Nobles looked down on the middle class
– Middle Class made their living selling goods
and services
• Farmers looked up to the middle class
– They were making something of themselves
• Middle Class will grow in size, wealth and
power
• A kingdom usually feared the peasants but
times are changing…
How did the Magna Carta impact the British Government?
THE BEGINNING OF NATIONSTATES
The English Monarchy
• William the Conqueror
– Duke of Normandy
– Took land from his enemies and gave it to
those who were loyal to him
Magna Carta
• Weakened the power of nobles
– Circuit Courts
• Judges traveled from one place to the next
• Single set of laws for everyone
• Cases were heard by a jury
– King John signed the Magna Carta
• Established – Rule of Law
– Monarchs were not above any law
Power of Parliament
• Representative Government
• Two knights from each county and two
representatives from each town
• Parliament
– House of Lords and House of Commons
– 2 Duties
• Set taxes and pass laws
• Parliament could force the English monarchs to
agree to it’s demands by refusing taxes
The French Monarchy
• Hugh Capet – Count of Paris
– Made the position of the monarch hereditary
– Increased the amount of land under the royal
control
– Collected taxes from the people
– War between nobles was outlawed
– Organized an army and appointed generals
– Set up a large and efficient bureaucracy
(government) to run the government
• Came from the middle class so their loyalty was to
the monarch