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Medieval Europe Subheading goes here Feudalism and Manorialism • Famous People – Charlemagne – William the Conqueror – Hugh Capet Feudalism • Middle Ages – period of time between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance • Feudalism – provides protection for the people and a way to organize the government – How. . . . . . . . . . . . Feudalism Monarch Monarchs gave pieces of land (fief) to nobles in return for their loyalty Nobles Nobles had to raise armies of knights and soldiers to defend the monarch – also paid yearly payments to the monarch Knights Knights were to defend their lord and his lands against attack – paid annual payments to the lord Serfs Lowest group – had to pay yearly rent to their lords Feudalism • Chivalry – Code of behavior everyone was supposed to follow but especially the knights • Treat prisoners with respect and well being • Defend women, children, the sick and the elderly • Women were given a special place of honor but still lacked many of the rights men had • Is chivalry dead Manorialism • Manorialism – Europe’s economic system – Manors • Most people in the early middle ages lived and farmed here • A typical noble and his family lived in a large house on the manor • The serfs would work on the lord’s land for three days every week – Serfs had to pay the lord in crops – Serfs had to pay to use the manor’s mill (no other choice) Manorialism • Manors – Serfs • Nobles held their own court to try serfs accused of crimes • If a serf wanted to leave the manor the lord had to give permission • Serfs and Slaves – NOT SIMILAR – Serfs could not be bought or sold Roman Catholic Church • Almost everyone in Western Europe was a member of the Roman Catholic Church – With the exception of Muslims in Spain and a group of Jews • The church taught common people to obey rules and the soul was more important than the body – Hardships in life would earn them entry into heaven Roman Catholic Church • Parish – Priest led the parish in prayer and offered mass – A group of parishes made up a diocese • Bishop – Led the diocese – A group of diocese was called a province • Archbishop – Led the province • Cardinals • Pope – head of the Church Roman Catholic Church • Pope’s Power – More important than any monarchy • Emperor of Germany – Henry IV was appointed unapproved men to Church positions • Pope Gregory VII demanded Henry travel to Italy and ask for forgiveness • Emperor showed up dressed in a burlap robe and no shoes – pope refused to see him for three days in the cold before he agreed to talk with him CHANGING TIMES Changing Times • The Crusades – Goal – recapture the Holy Land from the Muslims – Why Fight? • Stopped constant warfare among Europeans • Pope promised forgiveness of sins and everlasting salvation to those who died fighting – Outcome • Eight Crusades – Last four loss all territory that was gained in the first four crusades The Crusades • Unintended consequences of the Crusades – Italian trading cities became wealthy – Interest in travel and seeing faraway places – Persecution of Jews and Muslims intensified • Attacked as unbelievers Increasing Trade • Early Middle Ages – Most people were farmers who made whatever they needed • Trading System – Barter System • Growth of trade made this impractical • Money Economy – merchants wanted gold or silver coins • Capitalism – Merchants borrowed money from banks and after voyages they would pay the banks back – Capitalism – private ownership of production for the purpose of making money Bubonic Plague • Unintended consequence of global trading – Black Death • Infected fleas lived on rats • People became infected when bitten by infected fleas • In 5 years 38 million out of 75 million of Europeans died from the Plague • Pause - Song Rise of Cities • Growth of trade resulted in cities growing – Merchants would begin the settlements • Often chose a place near a castle where they could arrange protection from the lord – for a small fee – Lords would sell rights to the towns and give them a charter • This would spell out the rights of the citizens Guilds • Guilds – Organization of merchants or craft workers who came together to protect their economic interests • Set working hours, prices for goods – Train New Workers • Apprentice – worked for the master for seven years without pay • Journeyman – worked for wages but not an expert – Create a masterpiece » Guild members would decide if the journeyman was ready to become a master Rise of the Middle Class • Major reason for the decline of Manorialism and Feudal society – Lords need money • Serfs were only paying in crops • Tenant Farmers – Middle Class • Merchants, traders, and craft workers Hating on the Middle Class • Nobles looked down on the middle class – Middle Class made their living selling goods and services • Farmers looked up to the middle class – They were making something of themselves • Middle Class will grow in size, wealth and power • A kingdom usually feared the peasants but times are changing… How did the Magna Carta impact the British Government? THE BEGINNING OF NATIONSTATES The English Monarchy • William the Conqueror – Duke of Normandy – Took land from his enemies and gave it to those who were loyal to him Magna Carta • Weakened the power of nobles – Circuit Courts • Judges traveled from one place to the next • Single set of laws for everyone • Cases were heard by a jury – King John signed the Magna Carta • Established – Rule of Law – Monarchs were not above any law Power of Parliament • Representative Government • Two knights from each county and two representatives from each town • Parliament – House of Lords and House of Commons – 2 Duties • Set taxes and pass laws • Parliament could force the English monarchs to agree to it’s demands by refusing taxes The French Monarchy • Hugh Capet – Count of Paris – Made the position of the monarch hereditary – Increased the amount of land under the royal control – Collected taxes from the people – War between nobles was outlawed – Organized an army and appointed generals – Set up a large and efficient bureaucracy (government) to run the government • Came from the middle class so their loyalty was to the monarch