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Evolvable Systems Course Advisor: Lucian Prodan Web Page: www.acsa.upt.ro Teaching Graduate Courses “Politehnica” University of Timisoara Summer Semester 2007 What is ACSA ?? Why bother ?? Here are some thoughts… Computers: • Fine exponents of the present days’ technological wave • Solid and trusted performance, indispensable support in many fields • Moore’s law on computer performance still holding (barely?) Two major problems (according to Gigascale) • Of the small: caused by device shrinking – dominant thus far, industry’s main focus and investment • Of the large: enormity of design verification and manufacturing-test tasks – now a limitation for industrial progress Should we care ?? Here are some more thoughts… Physical limits of current, conventional technologies approaching fast (also financial limits!) • Intel’s 90nm Prescott chip already close to the thermal wall • need to individually place atoms inside chips throughout 2010's Moore’s law breakdown forecasted around 2018 (source: Intel) ITRS – two near- and longer-term challenges: • sustaining the 17% annual increase in performance • developing beyond CMOS materials and applications Who says this ?? Are there any alternatives ?? Emerging Technologies and CMOS • • • • Speed Size Cost Switching Energy Source: ITRS report – 2004 update What about this course ?? New computing architectures: • Biologically-inspired computing – First part of the semester • Molecular and DNA computing • Nanoelectronics, … New computing paradigms: • Quantum computing – Second part of the semester • Reversible computing • Adiabatic computing, … Bioinspired Computing: Why ?? Tradition: engineering and science have developed along separate tracks • Natural scientist – a detective: seeking to analyze existing processes, to explain their operation, to model them, and to predict their future behavior • Engineer – a builder: tries to create artificial systems (bridges, cars, electronic devices) based on a set of specifications (a description) and a set of primitives (elementary components such as bricks, beams, wires, motors, and transistors) Bioinspired Computing: Why ?? (2) Present days: • scientists use tools created by engineers • engineers allured by certain natural processes Living organisms – complex systems exhibiting a range of desirable characteristics difficult to realize using traditional engineering methodologies • evolution • adaptation • fault tolerance Living organisms ?? Living systems characterized by a genetic program (the genome), that guides their development, their functioning, and their death Considering life on Earth since its very beginning, three levels of organization distinguished: • phylogeny • ontogeny • epigenesis Phylogeny First level of organization considered for living systems Temporal evolution of the genetic program (the genome) concerned Replication based on genome multiplying – low error rate at individual level Genetic mechanisms fundamentally nondeterministic –> genetic diversity -> survavibility Ontogeny Second level of organization considered for multicellular living systems Temporal evolution of one individual Successive cellular division of the zygote -> cellular differentiation Processes essentially deterministic –> wrong genetic sequence -> notable/lethal malformations Epigenesis Third level of organization considered for living systems Ontogenetic information limited -> another process emerge to integrate knowledge Example: human brain 1010 neurons, 1014 connections -> too large to be encoded by the genome Learning systems – Nervous – Endocrine – Immune POE Model: How Does Affect US, Computer Engineers ?? -- Phylogeny Artificial evolution: genetic algorithms, evolution strategies, evolutionary programming, and genetic programming Large scale programmable circuits: configure function by programming -> FPGAs - three distinct levels of configuration for an FPGA: – logic – cell interconnection – inputs and outputs Evolvable hardware: an evolutionary approach to digital design POE Model: How Does Affect US, Computer Engineers ?? -- Ontogeny Growth, construction: – self-test and self-repair – self-replication – Embryonics POE Model: How Does Affect US, Computer Engineers ?? -- Epigenesis Nervous system: – Traditionally the most investigated – Artificial Neural Networks Immune system: – software fault detection – Controllers for mobile robots Endocrine system – hormones