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Islamic Civilization from 600-1000 C.E. Drill This term means “submission to the will of God.” Islam What is the symbol for Islam? The people who believe in Islam are called Muslims Who is the founder of Islam? Muhammad What city was Muhammad from? Mecca Much of the trade (particularly that of idols) took place around a cubed stone temple called the Ka’aba What year was Muhammad born in? 570 C.E What was the name of the angel that spoke with Muhammad in the cave near Mecca? Gabriel What is the name that Muslims use when referring to God? Allah The angel in the cave told Muhammad that the cubed stone temple (Kaaba) was built by Abraham and Ishmael Why did the Meccans initially resist Muhammad’s teachings? Muhammad said the idols should be destroyed, and this made the people feared Mecca would lose its position as a pilgrimage center Muhammad sent some of the Muslims to this Christian Kingdom in Africa to seek refuge from the people of Mecca Axum What city invited Muhammad to come and live with them when they were being persecuted? Medina What was this migration from Mecca to Medina known as? Hijrah 8 years after fleeing this city, Muhammad had returned as a conqueror. Mecca Before he died, Muhammad had taken over much of this land Arabia When Muhammad died, who became the new leader of the Muslim Empire Abu Bakr Abu Bakr was both a political and religious leader for the Muslim Empire. What is the title for this? Caliph What is the name for the group of Muslims that felt the line of caliphs should have been through Muhammad’s bloodline beginning with his son in law Ali ibn Abi Talib. Shia What was the name for the group of Muslims that felt the Caliph should be elected Sunni How many Caliphs would there be? 4 The last Caliph, Ali, was assassinated. This Dynasty would emerge as the new leaders of Islam Umayyad Dynasty The Umayyad Dynasty would expand the territory of the Muslims from the _______ ocean to the ______river Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River How were the Muslims able to take all of this territory? Through War and Conquest The Umayyad Dynasty moved the capital from Mecca to this land in Syria Damascus When the Abassid Dynasty took control of the Muslim Empire, the Umayyad Dynasty was forced to retreat to this land in order to survive. Spain When the Abassid Dynasty took control of the Muslim Empire, they moved the capital to this location. Baghdad Term for an Islamic house of worship Mosque The holy book of Islam that contains the revelations that Muhammad received from the angel Gabriel Qur’an (or Koran) Who wrote the Koran? Muhammad’s Followers The system of law that regulates the family life, moral conduct, and business and community life of Muslims. Shari’a The greatest contribution of Islamic culture to the West was Scholarship The Muslims used Hindu numbers to create a new type of math. What was it called? Algebra Which city is important to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam? Jerusalem What geographic feature was a barrier between West African kingdoms and the Muslim Empire? The Sahara Desert What was the language and writing of the Muslims in Arabia called? Arabic Muhammad also said that all Muslims must perform five duties. What are these 5 duties called. When Muslims pray, they face whatever direction this city is in Mecca What is the Pilgrimage to Mecca called? The Hajj In Baghdad, the Muslims preserved the works of these two civilizations Greece and Rome 1453 AD In 1453, The Ottoman leader Mehmed II captured Constantinople. He changed the name of it to ________, and made the city the capital of the Ottoman Empire. Istanbul