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Islam. Muslim. What is the first thing that comes to your mind after reading those words? Explain in complete sentences. 33.32% Muslims in the world today 1. Indonesia 183,000,000 6. Iran 62,000,000 2. Pakistan 134,000,000 7. Egypt 59,000,000 3. India 121,000,000 8. Nigeria 53,000,000 4. Bangladesh 114,000,000 9. Algeria 31,000,000 10. Morocco 29,000,000 5. Turkey 66,000,000 Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the world. Name of religion Monotheistic or polytheisitic? Name of God or gods Where was the religion started? By who? By 750 AD Arabic word – “giving oneself over to the will of God” Founded by Muhammad Monotheistic religion Prophet of Allah (“the God”) Followers of Islam = Muslims Largest and richest city in western Arabia Supported by trade and religion Traders on their way to Constantinople Pilgrims came to worship at Arabia’s holiest shrine, the Ka’bah, that is filled with idols (many gods) 1880 1910 Born in 570 A.D. and became a successful businessman Upset with the way people lived Selfishness – gambling, drinking, corruption in Mecca Angel Gabriel visited him = revelation (vision) Began to preach about one God, Allah Saw life as a preparation for the Day of Judgment Rich people felt threatened Started to persecute Muhammad Fled to Yathrib [Madina] in 622 (“Year of Migration”) No more pilgrims will visit Mecca and buy their goods First year of Muslim calendar 630 – peaceful takeover of Mecca 632 – Muhammad dies Muslim scriptures Direct word of God to Muhammad Written in Arabic The Quran describes five duties all Muslims must fulfill Shahada Salat Zakat Sawm Hajj Profession of Faith Muslims must recite “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet.” Prayer Muslims must pray five times a day, facing Mecca Dawn, noon, late afternoon, sunset, evening Mosque – Muslim house of worship Imam – prayer leader Charity Muslims believe that all things belong to God Muslims must give 2.5% of their income Fasting Must fast each year from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan Ramadan – ninth month of the Muslim lunar calendar Pilgrimage Each Muslim must travel to Mecca two months after Ramadan at least once in his/her lifetime 2-3 million Muslims make the pilgrimage every year. Do Now: Is it important to have faith? Why or why not? The Arab Empire Group of Muslims chose a new leader whom they called caliph, which means “successor” Abu Bakr: first caliph after Muhammad’s death Bakr and the next three were elected for life Caliphs Ruled from Madina head of the Muslim community and his primary responsibility was to continue in the path of the Prophet Muhammad Rightly Guided Caliphs: first 4 caliphs Carried Islam to other peoples Expansion Sent warriors to surrounding areas Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Persia, Egypt, North Africa Successful because: Islam was the common goal The way they treated the people that they conquered The Umayyads (661-750 A.D.) Moved the capital from Madina to Damascus From this time on, the title of caliph was hereditary Ruled more like kings Recognized government Umayyad Accomplishments Arabic=official language Minted first Arab money Horseback postal routes Irrigation canals Beautiful mosques and arts Islamic Schism (split) Shia Sunni -Smaller group -Larger group -Pillars of Islam -Followed Rightly Guided Caliphs -recognize each other as Muslims -Believed caliphs should be descendents of Ali (Muhammad’s sonin-law) The Abbasids (750-1258 A.D.) 750 A.D.: defeated the Umayyads and became new rulers of the Arab Empire Golden Age of Islam = first 100 years in power Built a new capital…Baghdad The Abbasids Arabic language and Islamic religion remained Vizier: chief advisor took charge of running the empire Did not try to conquer Baghdad = major trading center Changing Empire Interest in Greek science and philosophy Advanced farming methods Practical math Increasing trade Everday life Golden Age of Muslim Spain Muslim Arabs + Berbers = Moors defeated the West Goths Set up a kingdom that allowed religious freedom Beautiful architecture Islamic Life Islam attempted to “right the wrongs” Marriage Property Raising female child guaranteed a reward in Paradise Women entitled to half of husband’s wealth Education Both obligated to seek knowledge Arab Contributions Common language of Arabic – promote sharing of knowledge Chemistry Astronomy Moon affects tides, size of Earth Mathematics – algebra Medicine Arab Contributions The Arts The Arabian Nights and Rubaiyat Art is distinct and full of color Geometric designs, flowers, leaves, stars History Islamic Republic Form of theocracy Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan Turkey Algeria Azerbaijan Pakistan Uzbekistan