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Transcript
Chapter 2 Concept Review Earth as a System 1 • Asthenosphere: – The solid, plastic layer of the mantle beneath the lithosphere; made of mantle rock that flows very slowly, which allows tectonic plates to move on top of it. 2 • Atmosphere: – A mixture of gases that surrounds a planet or moon 3 • Lithosphere: – The solid, outer layer of Earth that consists of the crust and rigid upper part of the mantle 4 • System: – A set of particles or interacting components considered to be a distinct physical entity for the purpose of study 5 • Core: – The central part of Earth below the mantle 6 • Hydrosphere: – The portion of Earth that is water 7 • Biosphere: – The part of Earth where life exists; includes all of the living organisms on Earth 8 • Mantle: – The layer of rock between Earth’s crust and core; denser than the crust 9 • Crust: – The thin and solid outermost layer of Earth above the mantle 10 • Geosphere: – The mostly solid, rocky part of Earth; extends from the center of the core to the surface of the crust 11 • The “middle sphere,” the strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core is called the ________ – mesosphere 12 • A system in which both energy and matter are exchanged with the surroundings is called a(n) _________ __________ – Open system 13 • All of the following are processes through which Earth’s energy and matter passes EXCEPT the ________ _______ – Oxygen cycle 14 • What are the Earth’s pole-to-pole circumference and equatorial circumference measurements? – Pole-to-pole circumference = 40,007 km – Equatorial circumference = 40,074 km 15 • The force of attraction between any two objects depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them, according to _______ ____ ___ _______ – Newton’s law of gravitation 16 • Earth’s shape is a(n) – Oblate sphereoid 17 • A community of organisms and their abiotic environment is called a(n) – ecosystem 18 • The possible source of Earth’s magnetic core is – The liquid iron in its outer core 19 • What can happen to energy as it passes through an ecosystem? – It can be lost 20 • Which factors do NOT control the balance of an ecosystem? – creators The End???