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Chapter 27 Study Notes Planets of the Solar System Chapter 27 Section 1 Formation of the Solar System 1 A rotating cloud of gas and dust from which Earth’s solar system formed is called a solar ______. nebula 2 About ____ 99% of all matter contained in the solar nebula now exists in the sun. 3 Small bodies from which planets formation of originated during the early ________ the solar system are called ____________. planetesimals 4 When the solar system formed, smaller bodies joined together through collision and the force of ______ gravity to form larger bodies called __________. protoplanets 5 Small bodies that orbit planets are called moons ______. 6 Young Earth formed a core, mantle, and differentiation crust in a process called ___________. 7 Around the ____ core of Earth is an iron- and magnesium-rich rock layer called the ______. mantle 8 When early Earth’s atmosphere helium and hydrogen gases were formed, ______ lost because Earth’s ______ gravity was too weak. 9 The early __________ atmosphere developed when many volcanic eruptions released large amounts of gases in a process called _________. outgassing 10 The early oceans became _____ salty when dissolved solids were carried from land into the oceans. Chapter 27 Section 2 Models of the Solar System 11 Copernicus proposed a ___________ heliocentric model of the universe, in which the planets revolve at different speeds around the sun. 12 Kepler’s ____ first law states that planets orbit ellipses the sun in paths called _______. Chapter 27 Section 3 The Inner Planets 13 Impact _______ craters are caused by collisions objects in space. with _______ 14 The factors that contribute to Mercury’s daily temperature fluctuation of about 600°C are the planet’s slow _______ rotation and it is the closest planet to the ____. sun 15 Venus is a planet with a runaway greenhouse effect. ___________ 16 The right combination of temperature, water and oxygen supports ___ life on ______, Earth. 17 _____ Mars is the planet that has _______ seasons like Earth’s because its axis tilts at an almost identical angle. 18 Mars’s volcanoes are _____ larger than those of Earth because Mars has no moving tectonic plates. 19 _____ Mars is a planet which has _______ volcanic regions that may still be active. Chapter 27 Section 4 The Outer Planets 20 The _______ asteroid belt can be found between Mars and Jupiter the planets _____ 21 Jupiter’s Great _____ Red Spot and Neptune’s ________ storms Great Dark Spot are both raging ______. 22 The least ______ dense planet in the solar Saturn system is _______. 23 Neptune’s Great _____ Dark ____ Spot is a giant storm. 24 A region of the solar system just _______ beyond Neptune’s orbit, which contains small bodies made mostly of ice, is called the ______ Kuiper belt. 25 _______ Planets that circle stars other than exoplanet Earth’s sun are called _________. THE END